NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



489 



The area tinder fruit trees in Ohio in 1907 is put at 266,340 acres, 

 including small home orchards, and the annual loss from the depre- 

 dations of rodents (rabbits, mice, and wood chucks or ground hogs) 

 is estimated at $200,000. This bulletin is mainly taken, up with the 

 description of various methods of protection more or less familiar to 

 fruit-growers, and the saving of young trees which have been girdled 

 by the method known as bridge-grafting. Mice are said to injure trees 

 very rarely, unless there is grass or littery matter at the base of the 

 stem to provide a hiding-place. — A. P. 



Fungrus Diseases of Economic Importance, Some {U.S.A. 

 Bef. Agr., Bur. PI. Ind., Bull. 171). 



I. — Miscellaneous Diseases. — (a) New disease of witches' broom on 

 bamboo (Phyllostachys), caused by Loculistroma hamhusae. The general 

 appearance of the disease is that of witches' broom formation. No actual 

 fasciation takes place, but the internodes are shortened and the branches 

 take on a plume-like appearance. Sclerotium-like bodies originate at the 

 nodes, and are generally sessile, and under one centimetre in length. 

 Perithecia and conidia have also been observed. 



(h) Botrytis on paeonies. — Botrytis paeoniae (Oudeman) or Sclero- 

 tinia paeoniae (Massee) is reported as being introduced in paeonies 

 from many different parts of the world, and causing considerable loss. 

 Spraying with fungicides during the Botrytis stage is recommended, 

 and satisfactory results have been obtained by dressing the soil with 

 lime at the rate of 500 to 2000 lb. to the acre, the quantity depending 

 upon the acidity of the soil. 



(c) Cyclamen disease. — A variety of Glomerella rufimaculans , 

 causing spots on the leaves. Gonidial stage known as Colletotrichum. 



(d) Stemphylium citri on lemons. 



II. —Pineapple rot caused by Thielaviopsis paradoxa, and the effect 

 of formaldehyde as a fungicide and disinfectant. Formaldehyde gas 

 generated by treating potassium permanganate with formalin (40 per 

 cent, strength) in certain quantities proved very effectual in controlling 

 the growth of T. paradoxa. The pineapples were placed in a fumigating- 

 box, and different quantities of the ingredients used under different 

 temperatures and lor different lengths of time. 



The quantity of gas fatal to the fungus was generated from 1200 to 

 1300 cubic centimetres of formalin per 1000 cubic feet of space under 

 temperatures va^rying from 65° F. to 80° F. for not less than thirty 

 minutes. Both forms of spores were killed by this means, and the 

 fruit not materially affected. The odour of formalin is stated to be soon 

 dissipated after fumigation. — D. M. C. 



Galls of Java, Contributions to the Knowledge of. Part II. 



By W. and J. Docters van Leeuwen-Eeijnvaan (Ann. Jard. Bot. Buit. 

 vol. viii. series ii. pp. 119-183, 1910; with 8 plates). — In this interest- 

 ing article three galls caused by the attack of mites upon Javanese 

 plants are described in detail. The first gall described is one upon 



