498 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Changes in the state, organization, and shape of the leaf may be 

 called out by specific inheritable rudiments and individual variations 

 (in part " phytopsychic "). 



He seems to consider the original type of leaf as simple, sessile, 

 and entire, either with one median vascular bundle or with several 

 separate free-ending nerves. 



More differentiated types arose by gradual phyletic variation and 

 direct progressive adaptation (in part self-regulated). These, after 

 many generations, may have now become quite constant characters, 

 having been fixed by inheritance (that is, by the phylogenetic repro- 

 duction of all the life processes of the mother-being). The above 

 translations of Professor Hansgirg's conclusions must be taken " with- 

 out prejudice." No definition is given of the expression " phyto- 

 psychic."— G. F. S.-E. 



Leg'ume Inoculation. By Karl F. Kellerman (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., 

 Bur. PI. Ind., Circ. 63; May 28, 1910). — A description of the soil- 

 transfer and pure-culture methods of inoculation. 



The Bureau of Plant Industry is carrying on field experiments to 

 determine, if possible, what soil conditions are most favourable for the 

 successful inoculation of. leguminous crops by the use of pure cultures, 

 and also to determine under what conditions it is useless to attempt to 

 inoculate certain legumes without some radical change in the method 

 of fertilizing or cultivating these fields. — 7. G. J. 



Legumes, Native, in Nebraska and Kansas. By J. A. 



Warren (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Bur. PI. Ind., Circ. 31; 1909).— To deter- 

 mine the importance of native legumes in fixing nitrogen, notes as to 

 number and distribution were made in certain spots chosen at random. 

 They were found to be least abundant on good soils that bore heavy 

 crops of grass, having a better chance on poor soils, where the grass 

 was thin. In number they came next to grasses and composites, but 

 on all soils and in all climates of the region legumes peculiarly adapted 

 to the conditions were present in large numbers. 



Among others Psoralea, KuJmistera, Amorpha, and Astragalus were 

 the most important. 



The conclusions arrived at in Nebraska were confirmed by similar 

 but independent investigations in Maryland. — G. H. L. 



Leopard Moth. By L. 0. Howard and F. H. Chittenden (U.S.A. 

 Dep. Agr., Bur. Ent., Giro. 109; 1909). — America owes to Europe 

 the destructive Zeuzera pyrina, whose larvag do such damage to almost 

 all shade and ornamental trees. The grubs burrow and tunnel deeply 

 into the heart or pith of the trees, so weakening the branch that during 

 storm it is sure to break off. 



Woodpeckers feed on the larvae, and sparrows, in cities, sometimes 

 destroy the eggs, while the moths are caught in large numbers in 

 electric arc lamps. Bisulphide of carbon can be injected into their 



