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JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



of hay or were pastured, the chief sod-formers seem to have been Poa 

 pratensis and Danthonia spicata. The Poa seems to die out and is 

 replaced by Danthonia, which in course of time gives way to Poly- 

 trichum commune (along with these are Cyperus, Panicum, Spiraea, 

 Silverweed, Sheep's sorrel, Aster, and Solidago). The tree invasion 

 begins on these patches of Polytrichum. Older stands of pitch pine 

 show regeneration of white pine beneath them. 



In the sapling stage the pure stands of white pine are usually so 

 dense as to exclude secondary vegetation, but when 30 years old ifiey 

 have become sufficiently thinned out to allow of undergrowth. 



The figures show the distribution of the various plants actually 

 found on sample plots 5 yards or 1 yard square. 



As will be seen from this short sketch the paper is of great impor- 

 tance to those interested in forestry. — G. F. S.-E. 



San Jos6 Scale in Arkansas. By 0. F. Adams (U.S.A. Exp. 



Stn. Arkansas, Bull 102; 1908). — The San Jose Scale is more in- 

 jurious than the codlin moth, as it destroys not merely the crop but 

 the trees, peach, appje, and plum suffering most. It can be con- 

 trolled by spraying with lime and sulphur wash — lime 21 lb., sulphur 

 18 lb., water 50 gallons. 



Make the sulphur into a thick paste with cold water; next stir 

 in a few gallons of boiling water, add lime, boil for 30 or 40 minutes; 

 make up to 50 gallons. 



Should be sprayed while warm. Being corrosive it should only be 

 applied while the trees are dormant. Brass spray pumps are preferable 

 to the ordinary kind, which soon corrode. 



If the pest is discovered in summer it can be held in check with 

 a 15 per cent, kerosene emulsion once every three weeks — 2 lb. 

 ]aundry soap dissolved in 4 gallons of water. Pump this into 8 gallons 

 of kerosene, so as to make a thick, creamy solution. Add enough 

 water to make 54 gallons. Stringent legislation is required to deal with 

 this pest in Arkansas. — C. H. L. 



San Jos6 Scale, Spray for. By J. L. Phillips (U.S.A. Exp. 

 Stn. Virginia, Bull. 179; Oct. 1909). — Methods are described for pre- 

 paring a home-made soluble oil for use against this dangerous pest. 

 The materials are caustic potash (90 per cent.), menhaden or fish oil, 

 liquid crude carbohc acid (100 per cent.), paraffin oil, crude oil, and 

 rosin oil. 



Orchard tests are given showing the results obtained by the use of 

 these preparations. If made after these formulae the oils are said to cost 

 from 11 to 16 cents {6^d. to l^d.) per gallon. — G. F. S.-E. 



Scale Insects: New Species of Diaspine. By 0. L. Marlatt 



(U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Bur. Ent. Technical Ser., No. 16, Part II., 

 1908; with 9 plates). — Descriptions are given of seventeen new species, 

 " mostly insects of potential economic importance," of which four 



