526 



JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Vines, Seedling". By F. Charmeux {Le Jard., vol. xxiii., No. 545,1 

 p. 324 ; Nov. 5, 1909 ; with 1 fig.). — A suggestion that vineyards may be j 

 regenerated by seedhngs instead of seeking out American varieties for 

 grafting. It is a mistake to think that vines raised from seed are 

 long before they fruit. On the contrary, they may bear in the 

 year following the sowing. They should be treated exactly like the 

 cuttings made "by the English method," on which good results are 

 guaranteed. — F. A. W. 



Viola, European Species of. By Beckar {Beih. Bot. Cent. ' 

 xxvi. 2. Abt. Heft i. pp. 1-44; with 3 figs.; 1909; Heft iii. pp. 289- 

 390; 1910). — A systematic list of all the European species of Viola is 

 given as understood by the author. 



It does not seem as if his classification has been published for many 

 of his subdivisions, and the terms used are followed by the symbol . 

 " ined. " I ' 



As a rule he begins with what he calls Kollektivspecies ," such as 

 Viola canina. These include often four or five other species, some 

 described by the author himself, or by Jordan, or other critical syste- I 

 matist. 



Even this is insufficient, however, for under these minor species 

 are varieties and forms. The following quotation explains itself and ' 

 requires no comment: — 



" Die Varietaten der Bliitenfarbung fasse ich in folgende Formen 

 zusammen. 



Var. albiflom, W. Bckr., ined. 



Petala albida. 

 Var. violacea,'^. Bckr., ined. 



Petala violacea. I 

 Var. rosea, W. Bckr., ined. ! 



Petala rosea. 

 Var. rubra, W. Bckr., ined. 

 Petala rubra. 



Var. picta (Mogqr. pr. var. V. hirtae), W. Bckr., ined. 

 Petala variegata." 



The localities for England are ridiculously incomplete, and one is j 

 tempted to think that the author has entirely disregarded the work of ' 

 every English botanist who has written on Viola. — G. F. S.-E. 



Water, Measurement of. By E. Tappan Tannatt and E. D. 

 Kneale (U.S.A. Exp. Shi. Montana, Bull. 72; with 14 plates; 1908).— 

 Describes various methods of measuring the amount of water supplied 

 in irrigation. — G. F. S.-E. 



Weeds, Iron Sulphate Spraying- for. By B. A. Moore and 

 A. L. Stone (U.S.A. Exp. Stn. Wisconsin, Bull. 179; July 1909).— 

 Wild mustard plants (Brassica arvensis) are best sprayed on a bright, 

 warm day with a 20 per cent, solution of iron sulphate, and after the 

 plants have formed three leaves. About fifty-two gallons to the acre 



