NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



791 



ardently started applying a light spraying to the trees during the 

 months of October and November, with the result that a very small 

 percentage of Hy-damaged fruit has been found. Where early spraying 

 of pear and apple trees was started the crop has been a complete 

 success. 



It is interesting to note that, so far as can be ascertained, this 

 remedy has proved quite harmless to bees. Tt is also worthy of note 

 that a remedy on similar Hnes is coming into use in Europe, and is 

 reported to be highly successful, against the ravages of a fly which 

 attacks olives in the same manner as that adopted by the fruit fly 

 against peaches. It is also highly probable that tliis remedy will prove 

 equally efficacious for the fly-pest which produces maggots in pump- 

 kins, melons, marrows, kc, and causes such heavy losses in these 

 garden crops. — A. A, K. 



Fpuit Trees, Dwarf, for Small Gardens. By A. S. Neilson 

 (Jour. Agr. Vict. June 1910, pp. 403-401). For Apples, the ' Doucin,' 

 or * French Paradise,' is first grafted on to the * Northern Spy,' so as 

 to give the tree a sound, blight-proof root system, then the particular 

 variety desired is worked on to the * Paradise.' 



In Pears the quince is used as the root stock; on this is worked 

 an intermediate stock, such as * BeurrS d'Amanlis,' * Louise Bonne 

 of Jersey,' or * Jargonelle.' On this intermediate stock the particular 

 variety desired is worked. 



In Cherries the ' Mahaleb ' stock is used ; as it is of a dwarf nature 

 itself, the varieties selected are grafted or budded straight on to it. 



Plums, by judicious root-pruning, can be kept down, and thus 

 dwarfed to a certain extent. Root-pruning is done by digging a spade- 

 wide trench about 18 inches from the stem of the tree all round, and 

 to the depth of about 18 to 24 inches. Chisel in under the tree, so 

 that the ball of earth containing it will swing as if on a pivot, thus 

 cutting all the roots and checking the growth for the purpose required. 

 The soil should then be replaced and well trodden in; the addition of 

 a handful of bone dust or superphosphate will be an advantage. This 

 procedure should be followed every second or third year, according to 

 the growth the tree makes. Trees thus treated may be planted 6 to 

 8 feet apart.— 0. H. H. 



Fruit Planting-, The Profits of. By A. Janson (Oester. Gart. 

 Zeit. vol. V. pt. ii. pp. 47-55, pt. iii. pp. 86-90, pt. iv. pp. 131-142; 

 1 diagram). — Directions are given for calculating the profits of fruit- 

 farming in Germany and Austria. — S. E. W. 



Fruit Trees in the Elbe Valley in Bohemia, Part ii. (Oester- 



Gart. Zeit. vol. v. pt. i. pp. 14-19, and pt. iv. pp. 142-146; 1 fig.)-— • 

 In 1905 a census of fruit-trees in the Bohemian Elbe valley gave the 

 following results: 1,605,080 plum-trees, 614,560 pear, 577,497 apple- 

 trees, 246,506 cherries, 32,248 walnut, 14,594 apricot, 4,406 peach- 

 trees, 117,118 gooseberry and 77,934 currant bushes. — S. E. W, 



