792 JOFRNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTIOULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Fruiting- of Seedling" Fruits in Order to Judg-e their Quality, 



Means of Hastening^ the. By Ernest Baltet (Pom. Frmig. Avril 

 1910, pp. 207-213). — Pears and apples raised from seed in the 

 ordinary course produce fruit after eight to fifteen years. Stone fruit 

 comes into bearing earher, peach trees becoming covered with flowers 

 from their fourth or fifth year, when they are not pruned. In order to 

 hasten, sow the seeds in pots, prick out when plants have developed 

 their first leaf above the cotyled'ons, transplant frequently, and water 

 with plain water and occasionally with liquid manure. — C. H. H. 



Fruits, Deg*eneration in Varieties of. By G. Duval (Pom. 



Frang. Juin 1910, pp. 175-182). — The chief cause appears to be age; 

 some of the varieties, like ' Duchesse d'Angouleme ' and ' Beurr6 Diel ' 

 pears and ' Eeinette Blanche de Canada ' and * Court Pendu Plat ' 

 apples, which used to be of strong constitution, are now 100 or 150 

 years old. Climate also is more favourable to certain varieties. New 

 varieties have to be obtained from seed, choosing as parents the best 

 varieties, the most vigorous, and freest from disease. — C. H. H. 



Fruits, New. By W. A. Taylor (U.S.A. Dep. Agr. Year Book, 

 1908; pp. 9; 9 plates). 



Apple 'Patten.' — A hardy variety suited to Canadian conditions. 

 'Bennett.' — Of the ' Winesap ' race, but early and heavy bearer. 

 ' Williams' Favourite.' 



Peach ' Augbert. ' — Combines the productiveness and carrying 

 quality of the ' Elberta ' with the better quality of the ' Salway. ' 

 ' Champion. ' — Stands low temperatures in winter. 



Easpberry ' Eaton. ' — Fruit gathered six times between June 20 and 

 August 10 ; hardy. 



Mango ' Peters.' — A variety from Trinidad. 



Persimmon ' Lonestar ' and ' Kawa Kami.' — Two new varieties 

 have the merit of losing their astringency whilst still firm. 

 Pecans. — Four new varieties are figured. — E. A. Bd. 



Fruits, New. By W. A. Taylor (U.S.A. Dept. Agr. Year Bool-, 

 1909; 5 col. plates). 



Apple ' Mother. ' — Though not new, it is now found to be adaptal^le 

 to a greater climatic range than at first supposed. ' Coffman. ' — An ea) ly 

 and highly coloured variety. 



Currant 'Diploma.' — A prolific seedling. 



Gooseberry ' Carrie.' — Small to European eyes, but said to bo ]iro- 

 lific and disease-resisting. — E. A. Bd. 



Fruits, Problems in the Pollination of. By S. A. Beach 



(U.S.A. Hori. Sac. Illinois, Trans., 1909, new ser. vol. xliii. 

 pp. 67-77).^ — The writer groups the causes of self-sterility under four 

 heads : — 



Anthers and stigmas maturing at different times; 

 Unequal length of stamens and pistils ; 

 Defect in the essential organs ; and 

 Lack of affinity between the sex ce]ls. 



