83'2 



JOURNAL OF THE HOYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



are the greatest sufferers, while ' Gloire de Dijon,' ' Perle de Lyon,' 

 'Souvenir d'un Ami,' and * Kaiserin Augusta Victoria' escape. As 

 preventive measures, the fallen leaves should be destroyed, and in April 

 diseased leaves and stems must be cut off and burnt, and spraying with 

 a 1 per cent. Bordeaux mixture or copper sulphate soda wash must be 

 carried on in winter. Basic slag, chalk, or gypsum are suitable ferti- 

 lizers. Eose mildew due to Sphaerotheca pannosa can be checked by 

 dusting with flowers of sulphur or spraying with potassium sulphide or 

 calcium sulphide. The treatment should commence before there is 

 any appearance of mildew. 



Black spot [Actinonema rosae). — Collect and destroy diseased leaves. 

 Spray before the buds open, and again in summer with Bordeaux 

 mixture. 



Coniothyrium, or rose-stem scorch. — This disease appears in spring 

 in the form of round dark spots on the rind of the older branches. In 

 the course of time the fungus penetrates into the woody part of the 

 structure, producing a wound which looks like canker. This is a 

 very serious pest, and all parts of the diseased trees must be burnt. 

 The remedies suggested in the case of rust may be apphed, and the 

 plants strengthened by feeding with phosphates, lime, and potash. 



Little definite is known concerning the "La France disease." It 

 is probably due to a fungus {Rosellinia pallida) attacking the roots. 



The blackening of rose-stalks is possibly caused by Botrytis. 



Botrytis decay. — In damp weather rosebuds sometimes decay with- 

 out opening owing to an attack of the mould Botrytis cinerea. Teas 

 and climbing roses are particularly susceptible. Overcrowding must be 

 avoided, and spraying with sodium or calcium bisulphite is recom- 

 mended. 



False mildew (Peroyiospora sparsa) attacks the leaves, causing 

 irregular discoloured yellow-brown spots. Collect and destroy diseased 

 leaves, and spray with Bordeaux mixture. 



Eose canker is, in the opinion of the author, generally due to damage 

 caused by frost. — S. E. W. 



Rose History and Symbolism. By K. Schechner-Klosterneu- 

 burg (Oestr. Gart. Zeit. vol. v. pt. ix. pp. 334-340). — The damask rose 

 was brought to Spain from Damascus in 1535, and arrived in England 

 in 1573. In 1596 Rosa lutea and R. moschata were first cultivated in 

 England. R. sulphur ea was brought from Persia to England, and 

 found its way to Italy in 1662. In 1795 R. hracteata, in 1789 

 R. semperflorens and R. indica, and in 1802 R. multiflora .Sirrived from 

 China. In 1807 the white Banksian rose first appeared in Europe, f 

 and was followed twenty years later Hy the yellow Banksian rose; 1810 

 welcomed the arrival of R. Lawrenceana from the Mauritius and the 

 tea rose from China. The yellow tea rose followed fourteen years 

 later. R. ruhifolia was first cultivated in Europe in 1830, and 

 R. microphilla in 1835. 



Bulgarian attar of roses is prepared from R. daviasccna and, to a 

 slight extent, from R. alha. The French oil is obtained from R. centi- 



