NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



833 



folia. In the neighbourhood of Leipsic large quantities of attar of 

 roses are distilled from a mixture of B. damascena and R. centifolia. 

 One pound of attar is obtamed from 5000 to 6000 lb. of roses. 



S. E, W. 



Roses, Insect Pests on. By M. Schwartz {Gartenflora, vol. lix. 

 pt. vii. pp. 138-148). — Damage to buds, flowers, and hips. 



(a) The buds are eaten from the outside. This may be due to the 

 garden chafer {Phyllopertha horticola) or to the larvse of the mottled 

 umber moth (Hyhernia defoliaria), or winter moth (Cheimatohia 

 hrumata). To destroy the chafer, shake the rose-trees over a white 

 cloth in the early morning, and destroy the beetles. The other pests 

 may be removed by spraying with a mixture of soft soap, tobacco extract, 

 or extract of the root of sneezewort, to which some methylated spirit has 

 been added. 



(b) The buds decay and dry up. This may be caused by the rasp- 

 berry weevil (Anthonomus ruhi) or by the larvae of the gallfly {Clina- 

 diplopsis rosiperda). Cut off and destroy the damaged buds. Spray 

 with extract of sneezewort root, soft soap, parafhn, and water. 



, (c) The open flowers are eaten by the rose beetle (Cetonia aurea) 

 and by earwigs (Forficula auricularia). Eemedy, hand-picking; and, 

 in the case of earwigs, also dust the bushes with Persian insect-powder. 



(d) The buds are eaten by weevils {Grapliolitha roseticolana). Out 

 of£ and burn the hips. 



Cockchafers (Melolontha vulgaris), horse-chestnut chafers {M. 

 hippocastani), the garden chafer {Phyllopertha horticola), the cater- 

 pillars of the vapourer moth (Orgyia antiqua), and the larvae of the 

 sawflies (Emphytus cinctus, E. viennensis, E. rufocinctus, Cladius 

 pectinicornis, Hylotoma rosae, and H. pagana) are all troublesome. 

 Spraying and hand-picking are the best remedies. The larva of the 

 sawfly Eriocampoides aethiops eats the upper surface of the leaves. 



Pale serpentine tracks in the leaves are caused by roseleaf miners 

 (Nepticula anomalella, N. centifoliella, N. angulifasciella). Squeeze 

 the leaves. 



The grubs of the small moths, the Tortrices, known as rose maggots 

 [Tortrix hergmanniana, Grapholitha tripunctata, G. cynosbana), can 

 be destroyed by pinching the grub, but the Eose Society recommends 

 spraying with lead arsenate in the middle of April as a preventive. 

 The leaf-rolling sawfly (Blennocampa pusilla) and Lyda inanita must 

 be removed by hand. The gall wasps (Rhodites rosae), greenfly 

 {Siphonophora rosae), leaf-hoppers {TypJdocyba rosae), red spider 

 {Tetranychus telarius), all cause damage to the leaves. Greenfly can 

 be checked by spraying with a solution of soft soap and tobacco extract, 

 and red spider by spraying with cold water or the mixture already 

 referred to. The stems and branches are damaged by the larvae of 

 sawflies (Ardis bipunctata, Monophadnus elongatus, and Emphytus 

 cinctus). The portions attacked must be cut out and burnt. Scale 

 [Diaspis rosae) is removed by brushing the stem with soap solution 

 (1 : 10) in autumn, and later spraying with Hme-sulphur wash. 



VOL. XXXVI. 3 I 



