Xlviii PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



into the solution for about five minutes ; then, if no film of cop- 

 per were deposited on the iron it might be concluded that the 

 mixture was in a proper condition for use. It was further added 

 by Dr. Miiller that great care is required in using the lime, as, if 

 it were not most thoroughly pulverised in water, portions would 

 not come into action at all. The lime, too, must be of the best 

 quality, and not from a quantity which had been kept for any 

 time exposed to the air. 



Prevention of Smoke and Fogs. — Mr. Michael forwarded the 

 following report upon Col. Duliers process for the prevention of 

 smoke and fogs : — 



" As requested by the Committee, I have inspected Col. 

 Dulier's apparatus at No. 51 Sloane Gardens. The process is 

 especially applicable to domestic fires, including those of the 

 ordinary English type. Shortly stated the process is as follows, 

 viz. : Steam (not under pressure) is generated in a small special 

 boiler behind the kitchen range, and i3 allowed to mix with the 

 smoke in the flue ; it may be introduced either at the top or the 

 bottom of the flue. The mixed smoke and steam does not pass 

 through a chimney-pot into the open air in the usual way, but is 

 conducted into a condenser on the roof of the house, which 

 receives all the flues of the house. In this condenser the steam 

 is condensed, and falls into very fine rain, thus washing the 

 smoke and carrying down carbon, sulphurous acid, &c, the 

 whole being carried off by a drain. It is claimed that the con- 

 densed steam carries down practically the whole of the free 

 carbon, and also a third to a half of the sulphurous acid when 

 the air temperature in the open is 50° Fahr. or above, and more 

 than a half when the temperature is lower. It does not appear 

 that any experiments have yet been made to ascertain what 

 proportions of the other residual products of coal combustion are 

 carried down. The process appears to me to be simple, automatic, 

 and well worthy of further investigation and encouragement. A 

 wet rag placed over the discharge aperture of the condenser, 

 where the hot air and gases escape, is not blackened and does 

 not collect soot, and the face may be held over the same aperture 

 without any particular inconvenience being experienced. It is 

 further claimed that the apparatus prevents the possibility of a 

 down draught in the chimney, and also effects a considerable 

 saving in fuel. The present apparatus at 51 Sloane Gardens 



