NOTES AND ABSTKACTS. 



101 



3-7 feet high ; leaves to 2 feet in length, ovate oblong ; racemes erect, 

 5-8 inches long ; flowers cream-white, but labellum yellow and crimson. 



a. h. 



Anchusa or Bugloss. By M. Geeckhout (Le Jardin, vol. xxii. 

 No. 513, p. 200; July 5, 1908; coloured plate). — The genus Anchusa 

 includes some thirty species, found in Europe, N. and S. Africa, and 

 W. Asia. The most interesting are : — 



A. Barrelieri (syn. Buglossum Barrelieri, Myosotis obtusa) — native 

 of Southern Europe; blue flowers with yellow throat. A. capensis — 

 biennial ; not hardy ; blue flowers with white tube. A. Ualica 

 (A. azurea) — and the Dropmore variety (grandiflora). A. myosotidiflora 

 (A. macrophylla) — Siberian species, with fine blue flowers and yellow 

 throat. A. officinalis — indigenous ; pinkish-blue flowers. A variety A. off. 

 incarnata has bright pink flowers. A. sempervirens — indigenous ; small 

 blue flowers. A. tinctoria — S. France ; blue or purplish flowers ; root 

 yielding a red colour used in perfumery. 



All these species are easily raised from seed, which is to be preferred to 

 cuttings or division. — F. A. W. 



Angadenia nitida (Bot. Mag., tab. 8233). — Nat. ord. Apocynaceae ; 

 tribe Echitideae ; tropical S. America. Climbing shrub ; leaves 4-6 inches 

 long ; flowers in racemes, corolla yellow, with a vermilion band at the 

 base, 1^ inch long, 1^ inch diameter. — G. H. 



Apple, Fall Beauty. By H. Garman (U.S.A. Exp. Stn. Kentucky, 

 17th Rept. 1905, pp. 82-84 ; figs.). — A description and illustration of this 

 new dessert apple in use in October. — F. J. C. 



Apple Juiee, unfermented. By N. C. Gore (U.S.A. Dept. Agr. 

 Bur. Chem., Bull. 118, Sept. 1908). — Apple juice being useful as a summer 

 drink, experiments have been undertaken as to the best means of preventing 

 fermentation and moulding. 



Sterilization, otherwise pasteurization, has been found preferable to the 

 use of chemical preservatives (benzoate of soda) in the manufacture of 

 fruit juices. 



The objections to sterilization are that it gives a "cooked" flavour to 

 the juice, and that the effect is not lasting. 



The process can be effected in either wood or tin receptacles. The 

 former are the better, as the juice dissolves the tin to a certain extent, 

 though less when it is coated with lacquer. In clarification tests a milk 

 separator was used, but this is not sufficient to produce absolute clearness. 

 Carbonating disguises the " cooked " taste. 



An atmosphere of carbon dioxide on the surface of the liquid delays the 

 formation of mould in sterilized juice when exposed to the air for a limited 

 time. Benzoate of soda checks alcoholic fermentation, but encourages 

 development of acetic acid ferment, which spoils the flavour. — C. H. L. 



Apple Leaf Blister Mite. By P. J. Parrott (U.S.A. Exp. Stn., 

 New York, Bull. 306, December 1908).— This is a pest of increasing 

 occurrence in the Eastern States, especially in western New York. The 



