NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



133 



in the Eocky and Selkirk mountains of Canada. Five excellent photo- 

 graphs are given. — G. W. 



Packing Fruit for Export. By J. G. Turner {Jour. Agri. 

 Victoria, February 1908). — The following are varieties of fruit found most 

 suitable for export from Victoria, Australia. 



Apples. — Jonathan, Cleopatra (or New York Pippin), Munroe's 

 Favourite (or Dunn's Seedling), London Pippin (or Five Crowns), States- 

 man (or Chandler), Rome Beauty, Newtown Pippin, Esopus Spitzenberg, 

 and Ribston Pippin. 



Pears. — Yicar of Winkfield, L'Inconnue, Winter Nelis, Josephine de 

 Malines, Broom Park, Eyewood, and Uvedale's St. Germain. 



The cost of packing, shipping and selling a bushel case is given as 

 follows : — 



Cases, best kauri planed per case . . . .11 



Wrappers * 1 



Grading, packing and nailing ..... 2 



Kail freight 3 



Ocean freight . 2 10 



Insurance and commission . . . ' . . 7 



Supervision . • 3 



Total per case 5 3 



The measurement of the bushel box inside is 18 x 14 x 81 inches 

 containing 2,2361* cubic inches. 



Pears have been successfully packed in trays, one layer in each tray 

 three of these trays are then cleated together to make a single package ; 

 in some cases cardboard divisions are employed. Ventilation holes are 

 bored through the cases and cardboard shelves, to allow the passage of 

 air. Picking, cooling, grading, packing and the branding of the cases are 

 described.— C. E. E. 



Paraffin, Action of, on Tree Roots and on Soils. By the Duke 



of Bedford, E.G., and Spencer U. Pickering, F.R.S. (Woburn, Tenth Beport, 

 1909, pp. 22-25). — Trees sprinkled with a quart of various kinds of paraffin 

 when not in leaf showed no ill effects as regards their growth and general 

 condition, while the crops on trees so treated were the best on the farm. 

 Apart from the question of possible direct benefit, the results of the 

 experiments suggest the possibility of treating the roots and the soil for 

 various diseases and insect pests by means of paraffin. — A. P. 



Paraffin, Spraying Trees in Leaf with. By the Duke of Bed- 

 ford, E.G., and Spencer U. Pickering, F.R.S. {Woburn, Tenth Beport, 1909, 

 pp. 13-21). — The heavier oils, such as solar distillate, eventually killed 

 both leaves and branches, while the lightest oils, such as petrol, scorched 

 the leaves immediately, but the branches recovered. Those of intermediate 

 character, such as the best lighting oils, did very little damage to the 

 foliage. — A. P. 



Peach Aphis (Myzus persieae, Sulz.). By E. P. Taylor {Jour. Be. 

 Entom., I. (1908), Pt. 2, pp. 83-91). — This aphis, which attacks peach in 

 Europe, has also been found in America on nectarine, plum, prune, cherry, 



