528 JOUENAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Fermentation, artificial ferments, clarifying, filtering-, pasteurizing, non- 

 alcoholic cider. Sulphurizing. Treatment of casks, diffusion in cider 

 making, storing or bottling. — C. H. H. 



Ciders, The Yeast Flora of Bottled. By E. B. Pearce and 

 B. T. P. Barker [Jour. Agr. S<ci. iii. p. 55 ; December 1908 ; plates). — An 

 investigation into the occurrence of various yeasts in bottled ciders is 

 reported, including a description of the methods of investigation 

 adopted and descriptions of the species isolated (thirteen in all). The 

 floras of the samples examined were so diverse that it is suggested that 

 " uniformity in the character of the product cannot be looked for under 

 the old system" (of depending upon chance infection by yeasts), " and 

 that at times the quality [of the cider] is certain to fall short of that 

 which might have been obtained, if a selected yeast had been used to 

 dominate the fermentation." — F. J. G. 



Cissus adenopodus. By T. A. Sprague (Bot. Mag. tab. 8278).— 

 Nat. ord. Ampelidaceae. Uganda. Herb, climbing by tendrils ; leaves 

 3-foliolate, leaflets, ovate, acuminate, 2-4 inches long, green above, 

 red below ; panicles triangular in outline, about 4 inches long ; flowers 

 T 3 ff inch long. — G. H. 



Clematis, Rare and Beautiful Varieties. By W. D. (Garden, 

 June 19, 1909, p. 302). — The writer draws attention to some of the species 

 and varieties easily grown, but seldom seen in gardens. He states that 

 G. Durandi and its variety pallida are very free-flowering and robust. 

 At Kew they are grown in a bed in the open and allowed to trail over 

 oak branches. A good-sized mass of G. montana rubens there growing 

 over rough posts makes a fine effect. The plants have been propagated 

 from cuttings. G. orientalis tangutica, the best yellow, comes true from 

 seed. G. Flammula rubro marginata, G. campaniflora, and G. grata are 

 all mentioned as strong and free-flowering ; the last is an Himalayan 

 shrub, flowering in August and September. Hybrids of G. heracleaefolia 

 raised by M. Lemoine are specially recommended. — H. B. D. 



Clianthus Dampieri, Grafting 1 of. By K. Meyer (Die Gart. 

 p. 473, October 2, 1909). — Most gardeners know that Clianthus Dampieri 

 will grow more vigorously, flower more freely and for a longer period, 

 and be less liable to die off in cool or wet summers if the young seedlings 

 are grafted on such allied plants as C. pnniceus, which must be quite 

 young and raised at about the same time as C. Dampieri. The author 

 recommends also seedlings of that common shrub Colutea arborescens 

 as stock for grafting, as the plant is then much more robust than if 

 grafted on C.pibniceus. — G. B. 



Codlin Moth. By A. L. Qaaintance (U.S.A. Dept. Agr. Year Book, 

 1907, pp. 435-450; plate). — A lengthy account of this pest. It is com- 

 puted that some $15,000,000 must be charged to its presence in the 

 United States, #3,000,000 of which is spent in spraying. 



A parasite, Galliephialtes messor Grav., has been introduced from 

 Europe to try and keep it in check by natural means. A list of birds is 



