566 JOURNAL OF THE EOYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



from self-fertilized plants, and also from those crossed with the common 

 potato, gave very similar broods, but individually varying.— E, B. 



Sorbus CUSpidata. By 0. Stapf (Bot. Mag. tab. 8259).— Nat. ord. 

 Bosaceae ; tribe, Pomeae. Himalaya. Tree ; leaves elliptic, 5-8 inches 

 long ; corymbs many-flowered ; petals white, villous within ; fruit globose, 

 | inch across, red wild, reddish-green cultivated. — G. H. 



Spiraea Henryi. By W. Bean (Bot. Mag. tab. 8270).— Nat. ord. 



Bosaceae ; tribe Spiraeae. Central China. Shrub, spreading habit, 

 7-8 feet high ; leaves 2^-3^ inches long ; flowers white, J inch diameter, 

 in compound corymbs, 2 inches across. — G. H. 



Spiraea Veitchii (Gard, Mag. No. 2909, July 81, 1909, p. 598 ; 

 fig.). — A new June flowering shrubby Spiraea from China ; hardy, with 

 long growths of white fragrant flowers. — E. B. 



Spraying". By F. Cranefield (Wisconsin State Hort. Soc, Bull. 15 ; 

 March 1909). — Gives formulas for insecticides and fungicides. Illustrates 

 and describes spraying machinery, including a gasoline power spray outfit 

 and a geared power sprayer, power being derived from the hind axle of the 

 spray waggon, an excellent type for use in young orchards of large acreage. 

 Under apple scab it says, " the spores of this disease live over winter, 

 adhering to the buds and bark as well as the fallen leaves, germinating 

 at the time the leaves start in the spring." It is evident, then, that 

 the most important spraying for apple scab is in early spring, before the 

 buds open, that we may destroy or prevent the germination of the spores. 

 For this spraying copper sulphate may be used, dissolved in water at 

 the rate of 2 lb. to 50 gallons. The trees should be sprayed again as 

 soon as possible after the blossoms have fallen, and a third time ten days 

 later, using Bordeaux mixture combined with Paris green or arsenate of 

 lead.— G. H< H. 



Sprays. By the Duke of Bedford, K.G., and Spencer U. Pickering, 

 F.B.S. (Wobum, Eighth Report, 1908.) — Experiments with various 

 insecticides on caterpillars (pp. 83-94) have shown a 1 per cent, emulsion 

 of solar distillate made with iron sulphate at a cost of Is. the 100 gallons 

 to be the most effective, though in most cases 1 \ per cent, of oil is recom- 

 mended (see abstract on "Emulsions"). The authors, however, do not 

 feel justified in saying that the insecticide which is the most effective on 

 one species of caterpillar would be equally so on all. The above wash, 

 with the higher percentage of oil, proved one of the most effective against 

 aphis on apple trees (pp. 95-99) when the weather following the applica- 

 tion was dry.^ When there is much apple mildew about it is recommended 

 (pp. 100-102) when spraying for caterpillars in summer to make the above 

 wash with copper sulphate instead of iron sulphate, though the effect of 

 this as regards the mildew is only temporary. For the removal of moss 

 and lichen (pp. 56-57) it was found that 10 per cent, of lime was not an 

 efficient substitute for 2 per cent, of caustic soda, either alone or in an 

 emulsion. Experiments with salt on apple trees (pp. 106-108) showed 

 that a 2 per cent, solution scorched about 10 per cent, of the leaves, while 



