NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



569 



but without conidia or fruiting bodies ; (3) ripe rot, or anthracnose 

 (Colletotrichum lycospersici Chester) ; (4) Fusarium sp. ; (5) Fusarium 

 solani (Mart.). 



It is recommended that decayed fruit should be burnt, and a thorough 

 application of Bordeaux mixture should be made every two weeks during 

 the growing season. — M. C. C. 



Turnips, Diseases Of. By T. W. Kirk, F.L.S. (Dep. Agr. Bep. N.Z., 

 Bull. No. 14, February 1909 ; with 6 cuts). — Enumerates the following 

 diseases, which severely affected the turnip crop in New Zealand during 

 1907 : attack by the diamond back moth, and afterwards by the turnip 

 phoma rot (Phoma napo-brassicae) and turnip mildew (Erysiphe polygona). 

 These three causes combined appear to have caused the mischief. 



M. G. G. 



Tussock Moth in Orchards. By W. J. Schoene (U.S.A. Exp. 

 Stn. New York, Bull. 3l2 ; January 1909). — This moth does much 

 harm to shade trees in New York State, but apparently at present does 

 but little damage in England. The pamphlet, after describing and 

 illustrating the insect, describes the measures for controlling its attack : 

 namely, collecting egg-clusters, spraying with arsenical sprays, jarring the 

 trees, and banding the trees. — C. H. H. 



Valeriana dioica (Linn.). The Forms of Flowers in. By R. P. 



Gregory M.A. (Jour. Linn. Soe. Vol. xxxix. No. 270, pp. 91-104 ; 1909. 

 Plate 8). — It appears that the individuals of Valeriana dioica may be 

 arranged in classes distinguished from one another by the relative 

 development of the male and female reproductive organs and to some 

 extent by the size of the corolla. The author distinguishes four such 

 groups, viz. : — (1) short-styled male ; (2) long-styled male ; (3) herm- 

 aphrodite ; (4) female. Each type, however, is connected with the next 

 in the series by a number of intermediate forms, which so completely fill 

 in the gaps between the types that the latter can only be looked upon 

 as the central forms of the groups in which it is convenient to arrange 

 the various forms of flower. — B. B. 



Variation. By Charles T. Druery, V.M.H. (Gard. Mag. No. 2902, 

 June 12, 1909, pp. 447). — Theauthor deals with this problem, and states how, 

 despite the capacity of differing individually that exists in all species, there 

 is a strong tendency of each individual to adhere to a definite family type, 

 and that, as change of environment probably does not produce permanent 

 variation, mutations are the chief factor. The view that such mutations 

 are purely spontaneous and in no way induced by hybridization is 

 supported by the history of many natural fern sports. The importance 

 of mutations and the part they may play in the evolution of species is 

 referred to. — E. B. 



Variations of Radishes, Cultural. (Be Jard., vol. xxiii. No. 530, 

 p. 83 ; March 20, 1909). — M. Molliard has presented a paper to the 

 Academie des Sciences on cultures of radish in a sugar medium. Starting 

 with seeds of red radishes, he has been able to obtain from them red, 

 white, and even black varieties, showing that these (formerly held to 

 be distinct) are merely cultural variations. — F. A. W. 



