15. Minima (Pelea cinerea) has slen- 

 der, twining branchlets with small leaves 

 and comparatively small fruits. Like the 

 others of its genus, the leaves are oppo- 

 site; some are fragrant, 



16. Mamakl (Pipturus sp>), is a mm. 



her of the slinging nettle family. The 

 inner bark of this plant was used by the 

 Hawaiians for making knpn «,r bark 

 ■•loth. It is one of the most abundant 

 fiber plants found in the Islands. 



17. Manono (Gouldia terminalis). The 

 lone tree ten paces above the sign is 

 another member of the Coffee Family. 

 The genus is one of the three endemic 

 to the Hawaiian Islands. 



19. Nasturt in in {Tropaeolum ma jus K 

 a native of Peru, that has escaped from 

 gardens, finding the environment ver\ 

 suitable for its spread. Here it drapes 

 a prostrate ohia log, ten paces below the 

 trail. 



20. Koa I A< (i, in koa). The trees in 

 tin- glade below the trail arc koa. Like 

 the mama/ir, the koa is a member of the 

 legume or pea family and is native onl\ 

 to the Hawaiian Islands. The genu* 



irut-H, has 450 species in the tropica 



arid sublropics throughout the world; 

 those growing in Australia, are called 

 ft fettle*. The bark of the young koa is 

 smooth: the bark on the older Irees i> 

 coarse. 



Manono 



18. K«,lca fUytsine tpj, T h, r „, 

 *ey«u«g leaves is an m*M* 

 ? ™ " f *» ^nt. It is du, to 

 ' he che,,li<al "•ftocywifa, that protects 

 »«'*■ tender leaflets from ,he brilliant 

 >un „f ihe t,„,,i,s. W„„d froM this ^ 

 «™«*d Un hnnsepos^adve lot km 

 ** ^ fr ° m ,he ««P. Koh* is a ls„ 

 'he nan,,- given .„ the golden plover, the 

 t>.rd that completes a remarkable migra- 

 hot, to the Arctic Circle and back ,„ 

 Hawaii each year. 



21. Maua (Xylosnui HiUebratidii). This 

 small tree is ten paces behind the sign. 

 It is uncommon in Bird Park, but prefers 

 drier lands on leeward slopes of all the 

 major islands except Kauai and Oahu. 

 It is a handsome tree with shiny, toothed. 

 I renulate leaves whose rolor often gives 

 the tree a reddish cast. 



22. Kipuka Boundary. This ridge if 

 the edge of the prehistoric lava flow 

 from Manila Loa that surrounded this 

 kipuka but failed to cover it. Notice the 

 difference between the forest growing on 

 the ielati\el\ recent lava flow ahead and 

 that growing on the rich soil of the 

 /. ipuka. 



Mailc No. 36 



8 



■ 



23. Fupala ( ( Imrprn/n'ra ohovuhi > 

 an endemic tree, rare in the park. Do 

 n<»t tomb or disturb this planted speci- 

 men. Its small red flowers hang in large 

 loose panicles from the ends of branches. 

 I he wood is soft. fibrous, very light, and 

 inflammable. The Hawaiians heaped it 

 into bonfires which they pushed oyer 

 cliffs ami VBIltage points. Because of 

 their huo\anc\. rising air currents 

 would buffet the glowing torches m 

 brilliant display upward, downward, ami 

 sideways like so many shooting star-. 



Papain 



24. Alaahiwainni ( Pr prrotnia re- 

 (h'MiL A large number of species of 

 this widespread genus of the Peppei 

 Family grow in Hawaii. Condiment pep- 

 Mr is made from Piper nigrum, native 

 to the Oriental tropics. The celebrated 

 Polynesian drink, area or kava^ was made 

 from the root of Piper methystirum 

 which grows (> to 12 feet tall. 



25. Alani ( Prim r<>l<-anira l The great 



botanist. Asa Gray, named this genus of 

 tin Hue iCilrusi Kamih after the god- 

 rfcBl Pele. The leaves are Opposite, often 

 notched at the apex. When crushed the\ 

 runt a flagrant odor. The fruiting cap 

 sides are large, usually over one inch in 

 diameter, and open into four pails, each 

 bearing two shiny black seeds. 



No. 



2(>. False Sandalwood. \aio ( Mya 



porum samlu irrnse I . When the suppl\ 

 of true sandalwood (Santalum sp. I . a 

 chief Item of trade in the early days, be 

 gan to run low. naio was used as an in- 

 ferior substitute. Since demand for it 

 never became great, naio trees are still 

 abundant in these islands, to which they 

 are native. In Bird I'ark old trees de\e| 

 op deepl) furrowed, knobby bole-, with 

 heart wood much decayed §6 that onl\ 

 strips of living tissue remain. I See illus- 

 tration on page 12 1. Despite this. the\ 

 cling tenaciouslx to life, sliding out 

 vigorous shoots from their tops. These 

 arc the most picturesque objects along 

 the trail 



27. Tarwced, Pukaniole (L) thrum 

 maritimtuu K A sticky, hairy undershrub 

 of the American tropics grows rank 

 here. It bears small, magenta flowers. 

 Il belongs to the Crape Mvrtlc Family. 



Alani 



0 



