Geranium 



28. Open Forest Growth. fa tins 

 locale, the trees do not compete with 

 each other in their efforts to ohtain sun- 

 I'ght. Compare the symmetry of the 

 spreading ohia in the distance to the 

 crowded few on the left skyline. No.,. 

 *o the fallen ohia twenty paces to tfee 

 left. Its branches have turned upward 

 and in ti,„e may become independem 

 Tees as the old tree decays. Curiously 

 shaped ohia may be seen on the right of 

 'he trail beyond sign 89, and on the left 

 •>! the trail 30 paces before reaching 

 Mgn 42. Similar Contorted individuals 

 are especially conspicuous at Kipuka 

 iNene campground. 



This is arl excellent spot for observing 

 ™ . rlu * ****** "owing of pheasant 

 cocks is a complementary sound. 



29. Collapsed Lava Tube. Many lav 

 ers of volcanic ash have accumulated 

 '"rough the centuries, some of them 

 from eruptions of distant Mauna Kea 

 Such ash forms much of the topsoil in 

 K.puka luaulu. This collapsed lava 

 l«be and the lava above it provide oppor- 



In vr« pa r Ugi " R the de,,,h oi *■ ">a. 

 TUBF A|,PROACH ™ 



30. kookoolau (Hidens pilosa), an in- 

 troduced weed from tropical America. 

 Its annoying, black needles, less than 

 one-half inch long, are pronged so that 

 lbe> readily cling to clothes and to fur 

 of animals. The many species of Bidens 

 have been given appropriate popular 

 names: Spanish needles, beggar ticks, 

 sticktights, tick seed, bur marigolds. 

 Over sixty blander native Hawaiian 

 species have been described. Leaves and 

 l«ps of young plants, fresh or dried, are 

 beeped for a beverage, often in prefer- 

 ence to commercial tea. In season, a 

 large undershrub native to Puuwaawaa 

 fitters with thousands of golden flowers 

 in big panicles, a glorious sight indeed 

 Kokoolau Crater on Chain of Craters 

 Road was named for the species growing 

 within it. 



31. Ae (Zanthoxylum dipelnlitm ). The 

 y.anihoxyla. represented by three species 

 in Bird Park, are very rare in numbers 

 <>f individuals. This is an unusually large 

 Specimen. Like the Pelea, this belongs 

 to the Rue (Citrus) Family. 



Ae leaf 



32. Akala (Rubus hawaiiensi.s L a 

 giant among raspberries. A half dozen 

 •'••rries fill a bowl. The bearing season. 



>s in midyear, like the taste ami 

 < ol.»r of the fruit, varies with plants and 

 -•atom. Usually the berries are purple 

 out the blossoms and juice are pink. 

 1h,lu n.rans pink in Hawaiian. 



* snorl ,rail to the left leads to a 

 huge koa whose base is seven feet in 

 diameter. 



10 



33. Huehue (Cocculus ferrandianus) * 

 a native climber widely distributed 

 from sea coast to 5,000 feet. The tough 

 flexible stems arc useful as natural twine. 

 Hawaiians wove them into baskets with 

 funnel form mouths that were used as 

 fish traps. 



34. Alani (Pelea Zahllu uckneri L 

 Named by the great Hawaiian dendrolo- 

 gist. Joseph Hock, for his celebrated 

 friend. Dr. A. Zahlbruckner, Director of 

 the Viennese Botanical Museum. It has 

 the largest leaves of any Pelea, and large, 

 curious fruiting capsules like four- 

 pointed stars. 



35. Olapa (Cheirodendron (Inadi- 

 ckaudiil. One of the commonest, most 

 conspicuous of forest trees. Its bright 

 green, shiny leaves are palmately com- 

 pound and constantly flutter in the 

 breeze. When bruised, all parts of the 

 tree emit a strong turpentine odor. The 

 name olapa was applied to those hula 

 dancers with lithe, supple bodies and 

 most graceful motions, who could best 

 imitate the dancing of the olapa leaves. 

 The tree is twenty paces behind this 

 sign, growing in the big patch of Micro- 

 lepia. 



36. Mailt* ( lh \iu olivarlormis). This 

 twining, native, vinelike shrub is the 

 laurel of old Hawaii. Its fragrant stems 

 and shim leaves carry a faint odor of 

 vanilla. They were a favorite and an 

 indispensable adjunct to even festive 

 occasion, being used for decoration and 

 for leis. 



37. Mini ( Mentha spicata). This large 

 patch of non-native mint affords an ex- 

 ample of how native plants are often 

 crowded out by hardy foreigners. Please 

 do not pick the mint and drop it along 

 the trail, as this aids in spreading it 

 and in choking out desirable plants. 



38. Large Koa (Acacia koa). In re- 

 gions in which growing seasons arc 

 indefinite, the age of a tree cannot 

 readily be determined by a count of 

 annular rings. This tree is probably 

 several hundred years old. The koa was 

 used more than any other tree in making 

 Hawaiian canoes, both the single kaukahi 

 and the double kaulua. The hard, beau- 

 tiful wood is suitable for the manufac- 

 ture of furniture and other objects, such 

 as bowls and trays. 



39. Opuhc (Urera sandu icensis ) , like 

 the rnamah\ is a member of the sting- 

 ing nettle familv and is used for making 

 hapa. It is a medium-sized tree with 

 male and female flowers growing on 

 separate plants. The large, oblong, dark 

 green leaves have prominent veins; the 

 stems exude a watery, milky fluid when 

 broken. Fibers from the bark are tough, 

 useful for making cord for fish neN. 



40. Large Ohia Lehua (Metrosideros 

 < <)llina). An idea of the size to which 

 these trees grow may be obtained from 

 this specimen. It is approximately 80 

 feet high, and about five feet in diameter 

 at the base. The flower of the ohia. the 

 Irhnn. is the flower of the Island of Ha- 

 waii. Main birds, particularly the red 

 apapanc, feed on the nectar of these 

 flowers. The wood of ohia is hard and 

 durable; it was used for making gun- 

 wales of outrigger canoes, timbers for 

 housing, and poi boards. 



1 I 



