432 Clapham : Its Geology and Naiiiral Histoiy. 



A detour was made for a short distance to the north of the- 

 beck, for the purpose of inspecting the conglomerate at the base 

 of the Sihirian. (The names as used by Prof. Hughes are now 

 used, viz., Ordovician and Silurian). It is here thicker and 

 coarser than anywhere else in the area. The matrix is cal- 

 careous, and the included fragments are roUed and angular, 

 of various sizes, derived from the mudstones, grits, and breccias 

 of the Green Slate series. The conglomerate is cut off by a 

 fault, so does not appear in the stream section. 



Godjfiy , 



Many instructive features were observed on the way up 

 the dale. The variations in elevation of the Silurian rocks 

 were well seen, the beds of hard grit forming the higher points 

 attaining nearly 1200 feet above sea-level, whilst the over- 

 lying Carboniferous Limestone fills up the hollows due to the 

 denudation of the softer shales, which near Norber fall to 700 

 ieet. On the slopes of Studrigg the folding of the older rocks 

 was shewn clearly. 



A call was made to see the bed of an old lake near South- 

 waite, in which is a bed of marl made up of the remains of fresh- 

 water shells. 



Naturalist,. 



