Hind : Carboniferous Geology. 



231 



The Middle Culm is more fossiliferous, and is well exposed 

 at Herborn. The Series consist of Calcareous shales, the 

 Posidonien Scheifer, with small nodules, resting on 7-8 metres 

 of black chert, which itself reposes on a Diabase of Upper 

 Devonian age. The succession is as follows : — 



Grunwacke or Grit . . . . . . . , 100 200 metres. 



Posidonomya hechevi '&\i2XQ?> .. .. 20 25 



Chert 7 8 



Upper Devonian Diabase .... 



The flora and fauna of these beds is typically that of the 

 Lower Pendleside Series, with the exception that Pterinopecten 

 papyraceiis has not been found there. I just mention the 

 most important : — 



Adiantites antiqims. 

 Glyphioceras. 

 Orthoceras striolatum. 

 Aviculopecten losseni. 

 Camarophoria papyracea. 



Posidonomya becheri. 

 Orthoceras scalare (often called 



with ns O. Konincki). 

 A ctinopteria persidcata. 

 Listr acanthus bey rich i. 



and Trilobites. 



This fauna has been described by Prof. V. Koenen. 



I regret to say that I did not visit the Culm of Westphalia, 

 but thanks to Professor Kayser, I was able to study his fine 

 collection of fossils from ,^that area, and with his information 

 as to the sequence, have arrived at the following results : — 



Prof. Kayser's collections were from two localities — 

 Hagen and Aprath, near Elberfeld. The general sequence is 

 as follows : — 



Flotzeere Sandstein with plants .. .. ..2000 metres 



Culm tonschiefer with Glyphiocercis reticitlatunt .. 200 

 Dark thin-bedded Limestones, with Hagen fauna 



at base . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 



Silicious Limestone, with Goniatites . . . . 50 



Cherts, with Aprath fauna 



Phtanites with Prolecanites compressus . . . . 5 

 Devonian Rocks 



The Apath fauna contains a fauna typical of the .very lowest 

 of the Pendleside series. 



Nomismoceras rotiforme ' Prolecanites compressus. 



Trincoceras hibernicum Productus plicatus Sarres 



Pteurodyctium dechianum. 



and, as might be expected, the oldest facies of any fauna in 

 the sequence. 



(71? be continued). 



1909 June I. 



