245 



THE PRESENT STATE OF OUR KNOWLEDGE OF 

 CARBONIFEROUS GEOLOGY. 



Dr. WHEELTON HIND, F.R.C.S., F.G.S. 



[Coiitmiied from page 2ji). 



The fauna obtained at Hagen contains a number of late 

 Visean forms of Brachiopods, which are known to range through 

 out the Pendleside Series in England (Congleton Edge), with 

 Goniatites which are generally associated with Posidonomya 

 becheri in Devonshire. 



Glyphiocevas striatum. I Glyphiocevas crenistria. 



sphoericum. ' Orthocevas morrisianum. 



The Culm of Magdeburg has been described by D. W. 

 Wolterstorff.* The figures of his Goniatites and lamellibranchs 

 shew that his fossils are identical with those of the Herborn 

 b)eds. I also suspect that he may have remains of a higher 

 zone. The fossils he figures as Dimorphoceras Tdvnquisti have 

 a strong resemblance to Glyphiocevas hilingtie, and I take the 

 large Goniatite (Fig. ii), to be either G. Phillipsi or a large form 

 of G. reticiilatiim. The greater part of the fauna, however, 

 indicates the Herborn beds, probably just above the horizon of 

 Posidonomya hecheri, which always appears in England to have 

 a very limited vertical distribution in the Pendleside Series. 



It would, therefore, seem that the presence and persistence 

 of the Pendleside fauna over Western Europe, and the fact that 

 its zone fossils always succeed each other in proper sequence 

 affords most certain and definite evidence of the correlation of 

 the Pendleside Series and the Culm of Devonshire with the 

 Namurien of Belgium and the Culm of Germany, but the 

 view in Germany is that the Culm beds are of Tournaisian 

 age, and therefore below the Visean. Certain stratigraphical 

 facts, with which I will now deal, are advanced in support of 

 this view. 



In 1904 Dr. Parkinson published a paper on ' The Zoning 

 of the Culm in South Germany,'! in which he definitely makes 

 out the Culm to be below the horizon of the Visean. 



The facts which I was shewn in the field are as follows : — 

 In the neighbourhood of Konigsberg, north of Giessen, are 



* ' Das unter Carbon von Magdeburg Neustadt und seine fauna.' 

 t ' Geol. Mag.', Dec. 5, Vol. I., p. 272-276. 



1909 July I. 



