300 Yorkshire Naturalists at Bowland. 



It is true that geologists have different ideas as to the way 

 these hills were formed, but Mr. R. H. Tiddleman was the first 

 to suggest their origin in the way already described, and cer- 

 tainly the very critical examination, made on this occasion, 

 resulted strongly in favour of Mr. Tiddleman 's theory — at 

 any rate so far as these particular hills are concerned. 



One hill especially, which fortunately had many sections, 

 was examined yard by yard, from base to summit, the investiga- 

 tion extending until a very late hour. From this it was clear 

 that the beds on the top were practically level, whilst the strata 

 dipped outward at a high angle all round, after the manner 

 of a colliery waste-heap. From the various exposures in the 

 district — both in the limestone and in the shale, which in a 

 few places had survived the sub-aerial and glacial erosion — 

 several very fine and rare specimens were secured. 



The party included a few antiquaries, who were successful 

 in securing an interesting, if gruesome, relic of the ' good old 

 days.' This consisted of a set of gallows irons, which were 

 doing duty for a very modern purpose on a farm. 



The botanists, ornithologists, and, in fact, all the sections 

 found the district a veritable paradise, the appearance of the 

 countryside being much improved by the recent rains. 



The botanists were favoured with the leadership of the Rev. 

 W. Crombie and Miss Peel, and were successful in finding the 

 places where quite large series of interesting plants were 

 growing. It rarely happens that there is such a variety of 

 unusual forms as were seen by the botanists on this excursion. 



Mr. J. Turner writes : — ' Probably the most characteristic 

 plants of the hedgerows were the primrose and the water avens. 

 The common meadow-rue was also noted. A very striking 

 feature of Dunnow Wood was the broad-leaved garlic, which 

 appeared to be exterminating the wild hyacinth. The rock- 

 rose was growing in profusion on the top of the scar, where 

 also the hairy violet was found, and orpine or live-long w^as 

 growing on the face of the rock. 



The Old Hodder is a veritable botanical paradise, and here 

 the marsh cinque-foil was recorded, though not in flower. 

 Indeed, the season was rather backward, and consequently 

 some plants that were diligently sought were not found. This 

 was the case with the Alpine cinque-foil and Solomon's Seal. 



The whole district is exceedingly rich in the variety of its 

 plant forms, and might, with advantage, be visited at the end 



Naturalist, 



