Natural History of Runsimck. 



Travelling along the beach towards Kettleness, the suc- 

 cession of strata shewn on the sketch section was passed over, 

 and w^as, in most cases, easily identified by the discovery of the 

 fossils characteristic of the zone, although the difference in 

 ornamentation and structure of some of the species is so slight, 

 that it may be accidental in development, and not permanent 

 in character, and therefore of doubtful value in assigning variety 

 thereto. 



Lower Oolite. 

 A . communis . 

 A. serpentinus. 

 — A. annulatus. 

 — A. spinatus. 

 — A. margaritatus. 

 — A. capricornus. 

 — A. jamesoni. 



)er Lias. 



} Uppe 

 I Middle Lias. 



a. Kettleness. 



h. Runswick Bay. 



c. Staithes. 



d. Boulby = Rockliffe. 



Lower Lias. 



Two faults were located by the evident change in the strata, 

 both having a downthrow to the west. Two physical features 

 of interest to those who have given attention to coast erosion 

 were also noted, and were very striking. First the loosening 

 effect on the cliffs of even very small trickling streams of water, 

 and secondly the undercutting of the hard rocks by the wasting 

 away of the Underlying soft shales. The result was shewn in 

 the accumulated debris at the foot of the cliffs, where big blocks 

 of sandstone, deprived of their support, had tumbled down, and 

 lay in picturesque confusion. 



Ascending the cliffs at Kettleness the Old Alum Works were 

 visited, and some idea was formed of the extent of this extinct 

 Cleveland industry by observing what an enormous quantity 

 of shale had been quarried. 



Returning to the beach, several caves were seen ; these 

 might readily be attributed to wave action, but really are old 

 jet workings. 



A few cement doggers were observed just round Kettleness 

 point, but these do not seem to be in evidence at all on the 

 Runswick side. Some members staying over the week-end 

 saw how these were carted up to the old cement works at East 



JSaturalist, 



