- 2 - 



After crossing the border between Central and East 

 Java (after about one hour and a half) we will be 

 driving through teak plantations t most of which are 

 devastate 1 by cattle. 



Typical species cf the Malaysian Monsoon Forests will 

 be seen here, some of which are: ^cacia leuccphloea, 

 Schleichera oleosa, Schoutenia ovata, Butea monosp^rma, 

 Lager strcenia cinerea, Homalium tome nto sua # 

 Before Ngawi near Trinil, Dubois discovered the famous 

 Pitecanthropos erectus dating from the middle- 

 pleistocene. 



The volcane on our right hand is the Lav/u. 



After todiun we will see again some teak f, rests of 



various age. 



Just after Kertosono the river Bivntas will be crossed} 

 this river causes trouble every year by its floods* 

 Between Jjomban/: and Modjokerto was the centre of the 

 13 th century kingdom of Mod. jo pah it . In a museiun in 

 Trowulan f near Ilodjokerto, some antiquities frora those 

 times are conserved* 



it 1.00 p.m. lunch will be served at Gempol . 

 The afternoon-trip after Gempol along the north corst 

 of East Java will be for about 3 hours via fasuruan , 

 Prcbolinggo. 8nd of this day 1 a journey will be io~Tr- 

 putih (White sands); staying the night over here in 

 rest-hcuses on the beach. 



The Baiuran region 



This region centering around the extinct Baluran volcano 

 is characterized by its dry climate (less than lOCo mm annually) 

 with a severe dry monsoon of 10 months. In the dry season dry 

 winds Cwme down from the Idjen Pass ( 600 ft.). 



There are practically no rivers. The soil, originally lava, 

 has changed into heavy, black earth, strewn with basalt ar:i 

 andezite blocks. 



The vegetation is savana-like, along the small mountaian 

 stroams we find gallery forest. During the dry season the vege- 

 tation burns regularly, which prevents the re-establishment of 

 the forest. The latter is well developed towards the summit of 

 the Baluran. 



Many plants have subterranean parts enabling them to 

 survice drought and fire, such as Dioscorea hispida, AftparagtM 

 racemosus, Crinum asiaticum and some orchids (Plantanthera 

 susannae, Pcgonia nervillia). 



The trees are deciduous and flower often on the bare 

 branches, e.g. Dillenia pentagyna. 



