NOTES AND QUERIES. 



441 



friends iu various parts of the island, I did not find that it travelled in waves/' 

 as some j^ersons describe, but was felt at the same time. This observation must^ 

 however, be qualified by the fact that every one had not a watch handy, or if 

 they had there might be a variation m them. But I certainly never found any 

 positive foundation for the supposition of the undulations travelling, but considered 

 them local. It seemed to me more like a sudden rising of a crust of earth, so to 

 speak, and a gradual subsiding of it afterwards, first on one side and then oil 

 another.^ For I observed in something hanging to the wall before me that the 

 undulations made it swing on the wall first, but after it swung to and froin the 

 wall. These movements were usually accompanied by a rumbling sound, not before 

 or after ; and on the occasion I mention, the earth opened some hundred and fifty 

 yards, two feet wide, and never closed, but I observed no emission therefrom, or 

 peculiar appearance of the soil. It appeared like what it probably was, merely a 

 crack occasioned by the settlement of the ground after the earthquake. There 

 was a peculiar oppressiveness in the air for days previous and after ; I did not 

 notice that the air was relieved of the oppression by the earthquake. Most of 

 the large buildings were cracked in various places, and all more or less out of the 

 perpendicular from repeated shocks. I will close this with a remark that geolo- 

 gists generally consider the submersion of Port Royal during the earthquake of 

 1692, Avas caused by the slipping do-woi of the sand on Avhich the to^vn was built 

 from the limestone rock that doubtless forms the nucleus of the peninsula, or, as 

 it is termed there, the "PalHsades;" in favour of wliich supposition is the fact, 

 that the foundation of some of the buildings are distinctly visible below water 

 when the sea is calm, and a buoy marks the remains of the old church. On the 

 opposite shore, " Green Bay," the sand seems to have shifted also since, for 

 numerous tombs, some of once costly sculptured marble, are washed by every 

 tide. But one of the most distant from the sea, almost inaccessible for the prickly 

 cashars bush, covered by a slab of black marble (the most durable material I ever 

 met with for the purpose) as good as when built there on its brick foundation,— 

 excepting a few chips which some Englishmen could not resist breaking olF even a 

 sacred memento, — offers the following record of its occupier and the earthquake of 

 1692 : " Here lies the body of Lewis Galdy, who departed this life at Port Royal, 

 22 December, 1739, aged 80. He was born at Montpelier, in France, but left that 

 country for his religion, and came to settle in this island, where he was swallowed 

 up in the great earthquake in the year 1692, and by the providence of God, was, 

 by another shock, thrown into the sea, and miraculously saved by swimming, until 

 a boat took him up. He lived many years after in great reputation, beloved by 

 all who knew him, and much lamented at his death." 



The Walled Lakes of the West. — In the generality of the notices of the 

 curious phenomena of the boulder -walls of some of the lakes of North America, 

 they have been regarded by antiquarians and ethnologists as artificial productions ; 

 the following letter in the North American Gazette on their origin from Prof, Edw. 

 Daniels, the State Geologist, will be read, therefore, with some interest as showing 

 they are due to the natural joint action of ice and water : — 



" MADiS0]sr, April 25. — I have just read the notice of a Walled Lake in Wright 

 County, Iowa, to which you called my attention. I recognize in the description a 

 phenomenon common in the north-west, though perhaps rarely exhibited as per- 

 fectly as in the case here stated. Walls similar to that described occur around 

 many of our lakes, and around marshes which have been lakes at a comparatively 

 recent period. 



" Those walls are usally composed of boulders and exhibit varying degrees of 

 regularity, from confused heaps of rock to the compact structure and appear- 

 ance of an artificial wall. They are due to the conjoint action of those potent 

 agencies, ice and water, acting upon the drift-formation, which is always found 

 where those walled lakes occur. Let us suppose a lake occupying a basin sur- 

 rounded by banks of drift. Let it be understood that the drift of this region con- 

 sists of attenuating beds of sand, gravel, and clay, intermingled with boulders. The 

 action of the waves and falling rains upon the banks will remove the lighter and 

 finer particles, from year to year, far into the lake. The boulders, commingled 



2 K 



