REVIEWS. 



541 



elevated about six feet) ; the ice shoving from both sides until the fractured pieces 

 met in the centre of the track. 



The expansion of the ice, as a rule, takes place from the centre of the mass, 

 when the field is of equal density, and acted upon by any uniform cause, as the 

 mid-day sun or warm winds ; but the shoves are sometimes limited to particular 

 areas or in special directions. This may happen from the different density of the 

 ice, occasioned by the melting of snow-drifts on its surface, from its unequal 

 thickness, from barrier tracts or islands, from particular winds, from other 

 obstructive or modifying causes. 



In an instance of the effects of the expansion of the ice from the centre of the 

 field, Mr. Dumble tells us that " in December, 1857, the lake was covered with dense 

 glare-ice five inches in thickness. The temperature was extremely low, ranging 

 from minus lO*^ to minus 30'' for some time after the ice formed ; it suddenly- 

 rose to plus 30^ previous to rain. The expansion which followed was of the most 

 violent desci iption. The truss-bridge superstructure moved two feet six inches oa 

 to Tic Island ; the pile-briuge south of the island was forced four feet and a- half 

 on to the south shore. The bridge was slightly shoved to the north, but was 

 mainly preserved by the parallel channels that happened to be open for the purpose 

 of isolating it in that direction. The centre of the bridge was not affected in the 

 slightest degree, it being the neutral point. The ice was piled on to Tic Island 

 from the north, east, and west, but on the south side it was torn away from the 

 shore, exhibiting a fissure or opening of twenty inches in width." 



Transactions of the 3Ialvern Naturalists' Field Club. Part II., 1858. H. W. 

 Lamb, Malvern. 



In this part is printed the anniversary address of the President, the Rev. W. 

 S. Symonds, F.G.S., which contains some valuable remai'ks upon the geology of the 

 Malvern district, and a resume of the local labours and discoveries of this excel- 

 lent club. The address includes an interesting note, by Mr. J. W. Salter, of the 

 Government Geological Survey, " On the Bone-bed at Brockhill." 



The address is followed by a paper " On the Aquatic and Terrestrial Algoe of the 

 Malverns." and " On remarkable Fungi found on the Malvern Hills." This part 

 is illustrated by three lithographic plates of the Bands of Llandovery Sandstone 

 near Malvern, the Bone-bed at Brockhill, and the Malvern Fungi. 



Voices from the Rocks. 1857. London : Judd & Glass. 



Mr. Rupert Jones has already pointed out, in the pages of this journal, the 

 manner in which the exploded affair of the so-called human footprints is brought 

 forward in the book under notice in spite of its express withdrawal by the 

 authority there quoted (Dr. Mantell) ; and, if this one point of mis-statement had 

 stood alone, we might charitably have regarded it as an oversight ; but, when 

 similar mis-statements are constant throughout the work, can we regard their 

 occurrence as the result of inattention ? 



Of the opposition given by the author of the "Voices" to the doctrines of 

 Hugh Miller, Buckland, Pye Smith, Hitchcock, and others, we make no comment. 

 He has a right to dispute their inductions if he J please ; but he ought to do so 

 fairly. Those men have all laboured faithfully, at least, and sincerely, whether 

 successfully or not, to overcome a great difficulty ; but it is not fair to raise a 

 ridiculous position and then laugh at it, as is done by the anonymous author in 

 the case of Mr. Miller. There is a want of justice to a deceased writer in the 

 concluding passage of the third chapter, to which we refer : — " Suffice it to say, 



