NOTES AND ABSTBACTS. 



119 



6, white with rosy margins, in 3 pairs, outer, smaller; petals, 8 white, 

 rosy at base, 2^ inches long, 2 inches wide; stamens, about 500, ivory- 

 white with an awl-like appearance. Staminodes, many. Female, 

 ovary, subglobose, stigmas, 14-15. — G. H. 



Codling- Moth and Plum Curcullo, The One-spray Method in 



the Control of. By A. L. Quaintance, E. L. Jenne, E. W. Scott, 

 and E. W. Brancher {U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Bur. Eni., Bull. 80, pt. vii. 

 (revised), March 1911; 2 plates, 5 figs.). — In the calyx end of the 

 young apple there are two cavities, one above and one below the 

 stamen bars or filaments, and it is believed that in the Western States 

 the great majority of codling moth larvae, in seeking entrance at the 

 calyx end of the apple, enter through the lower calyx cup, and thus 

 mostly escape destruction unless the poison is placed there, which does 

 not generally happen with ordinary mist sprays. In the arid valleys 

 of the West, as in Utah, Washington, and Colorado, practically the 

 only important insect enemy of the fruit of the apple is the codling 

 moth, fungous diseases being on the whole of little importance. 

 The results of one season's experiments go to show that in such cir- 

 cumstances very satisfactory results may be obtained from a single 

 thorough spraying, or rather drenching, directed from above into each 

 and every fruit cluster by means of an. elbow or crook between the rod 

 nozzle to incline the latter at an angle of from thirty degrees to forty- 

 five degrees (p. 114). Though in the East the codling moth larvae 

 have been shown to feed in the outer calyx cup, great benefit would 

 still accrue from a more thorough first spraying than is usually given, 

 but the presence of fungous diseases there as well make the one-spray 

 method impracticable. — A. P. 



Codling- Moth Control in California. By C. W. Woodworth 



{Jour. Econ. Entom. iii. pp. 470-3, Dec. 1912). — Spraying with lead 

 arsenate is adopted on ,a large scale in California against codling moth, 

 but the ordinary brands are found to produce scorching of the foliage 

 owing to the fogs which visit the apple-growing districts almost daily. 

 A special brand of lead arsenate containing no ammonia- soluble arsenic 

 has been obtained which has solved the difficulty. — F. J. C. 



Codling- Moth, Recent Experiments with the. By E. P. Felt 



{Jour. Econ. Entom. iii. pp. 474-7). — A large second brood raised the 

 number of apples attacked by this pest enormously in 1910. The 

 percentage of clean fruit on the sprayed trees (lead arsenate 6 lb., 

 water 150 gallons), was 97 per cent, to 57 per cent., on the unsprayed 

 43 per cent, to 28 per cent. The percentage of benefit was far less 

 than in 1909 (see Journal E.H.S. xxxvii. p. 242), partly owing to the 

 fact that the codling moth was far more abundant in 1910. The 

 author draws attention to some other factors interfering somewhat 

 with the results.— F. J. C. 



Coelogyne {Oester. Gart. Zeit. vol. vi. pt. vii. pp. 245-52, and 

 pt. xii. pp. 444-50; 4 plates; continuation). — The geographical dis- 



