JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



the whole question is perhaps the negative evidence, depending on the 

 exclusion of all the other explanations which it appears possible to 

 suggest (p. 142). — A. P. 



Fruit Trees, Manuring*. By A. Heyst (Garten flora, vol. Ix. 

 pt. xxii. pp. 501-2). — In the case of fruit for exhibition, remove the 

 soil on the surface and replace it by a good compost, making a circular 

 ridge at some distance from the tree to facilitate watering. Basic slag 

 and kainit may be added to the compost with advantage. The opera- 

 tion should be carried out in autumn. — S. E. W. 



Fruit Trees, Propagration of. By 0. F. Cole (Jour, o] Agr. l 

 Vict, for July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., and Dec). — Subject well 

 treated and well illustrated. — C. H. H. j 



Fruit Trees, Protection of (Oestr. Gart. Zeit. vol. vi. pt. xii. j 



pp. 463-4). — Oarbolineum is recommended for spraying fruit trees. As i 

 there are many varieties of carbolineum on the market, great caution ' 

 is required in using it. The soluble form mixed with double the 

 quantity oi water may be used for spraying in autumn or winter. j 



S. E. W. I 



Fruit Trees, Worn out Varieties of. By J. von Jablanczy 

 (Oestr. Gard. Zeit. vol. vi. pt. x. pp. '368-72, and pt. xi. pp. 419-26). 



Complaints that certain sorts of fruit trees are worn out are shown 

 on investigation to arise from the neglect of proper cultivation and 

 from the impoverishment of the soil. — S. E. W. 



Fumig-ation Investigations in California. By E. S. Woglum 



(U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Bur. Entom., Bull. 79; June 1909).— An account 

 of a simplified method of fumigating citrus-trees growing in the open 

 with hydrocyanic acid gas. The insects specially aimed at were the 

 scale insects. It is to be noted that damage usually followed upon 

 young fruits and tender growths when the fumigation was sufEcientlyj. 

 strong to kill the scale insects. — F, J. C. I 



Fumig-ation with Hydrocyanic-acid Gas, Chemistry of. By! 



C. C. McDonnell (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Bur. Entom., Bull. 90, pt. iii.).! 

 It is shown that the presence of chlorides and nitrates in cyanides! 

 causes a marked decomposition of the hydrocyanic acid gas whenj 

 liberated, the effect of the former being more intense than the latter.| 

 An analysis should not- only show the percentage of cyanide present! 

 but of nitrate and chloride as well. These points are of practical! 

 importance to those using fumigation with hydrocyanic acid, since 

 the amount safe to use and still sufficient to kill pests lies between 

 narrow limits. — F. J. C. | 



Fungri, Distribution of the (BeiJi. Bot. Cent., Bd. 27, Abt. ii. 

 Heft 3,. pp. 359-74). — F. Theissen, S.J., Innsbruck, gives an interest- 

 ing sketch of the problems involved in the plant distribution of the fungii 



