176 JOUENAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



in autumn and plough and expose the roots to the frosts in 

 winter.— ;S. E. W. 



Spiraea Veitchii (Bot. Mag. t. 8383). — Central China. Family, 

 Eosaceae; tribe, Spiraeae. Shrub, 12 feet spreading. Leaves, deciduous 

 |-1^ inches long. Flowers in dense panicles; petals, white, ^ inch 

 across. — G. H. 



Spiraea Wilsoni (Bot. Mag. t. 8399).— Central China. Family, 

 Eosaceae, tribe, Spiraeae. Shrub, 6-8 feet high. Leaves, deciduous, 

 oval, inches long. Corymbs, terminal many flowered, 1^-2 inches 

 across. Flowers, pure white, J inch across. — G. H. 



Spraying-, Failures in, and How to avoid them. G. E. Bliss 



Ames {U.S.A. Hort. Soc, Iowa, xiv. p. 338, 1911). — There are many 

 causes of failure in spraying. Probably the chief of these is the fact 

 that careful and thorough work is not done. The nozzles should be 

 directed upon each tree until every crevice is soaked, every blossom 

 filled, every twig and leaf and branch glistens with the drops of liquid. ! 

 The proper amount to use depends upon the size of the tree, the way | 

 it is applied, as well as other factors. On the average an adult tree I 

 in full bearing should receive three to four gallons at each application, 

 or twelve to twenty gallons during the spraying season. 



If the work is imperfectly done many insects will survive and 

 prove troublesome later. The second-brood worms will be very | 

 numerous and difficult to control. The best method of destroying the ! 

 second brood of the Codling Moth is the complete destruction of the | 

 first by thorough work. i 



The spray to be applied just after the petals fall is by all means 

 the most important in killing the apple worm. The stream must i 

 play upon the blossoms from above, because they face upward, and i 

 must be applied with sufficient force to penetrate the row of stamens I 

 and reach the calyx cup. About 85 per cent, of the first brood enter 

 the apple through the calyx. If the spray does not reach the calyx 

 cup the worms will work havoc with the fruit, regardless of the 

 amount of liquid later applied. 



Often the tops of the trees are neglected. One sometimes sees the 

 upper branches almost bare of fruit and foliage while the lower oncb 

 are well covered — due to careless work. 



Another cause of partial failure may be the use of materials whicli 

 are adulterated. It is best to do business with a reliable firm, and! 

 not to buy materials always because they appear cheap. I 



The purity of Paris Green may be tested in either of the following! 

 ways : (1) Simply dissolve a little of the poison in a strong solution 

 of ammonia. All the common adulterants are insoluble in this reagent, i 

 while the Paris Green is entirely soluble. Any solid material remaining 

 in the ammonia must necessarily be of a foreign nature. (2) For those 

 who have no ammonia at hand this method is useful — crush some Paris 

 Green into fine powder. Any evidence of a white or yellowish colour 



