182 JOUENAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



of the leaf, so that in time it becomes full of tiny pale-coloured spots 

 where the tissue and chlorophyll have been extracted. 



Fumigating with nicotine papers and liquid extracts gave the best 

 results in a series of experiments. — V. G. J. 



Timber outlook and need for Afforestation, Home. D. Munro 

 (Gard. Mag. No. 2989, p. 113, Feb. 11, 1911).— In a lecture given at 

 the annual meeting of the Aberdeen branch of the Eoyal Scottish 

 Arboricultural Society, it was pointed oat that there were signs of 

 exhaustion of foreign and colonial forests, and that the end of the 

 Scottish resources was in sight. 



The value of home-grown timber is as great as foreign, and there 

 are thousands of acres suitable for planting which at present are 

 almost valueless. 



Failure often results because unsuitable varieties are planted and 

 the conditions of soil and situation are not understood. 



It is suggested that the State should help in the rearing of young 

 trees, and that it should not. discourage planting by raising the 

 assessment on new plantations. The terrible damage done by 

 squirrels is dealt with, the amount in one case being put as high as 

 £9000 on 600 acres. 



If ten million out of the twenty million waste acres of Britain 

 were planted, it would find regular employment for 100,000 men as 

 foresters and labourers, to say nothing of the larger number who 

 would be employed in subsidiary work,— iJ. B. 



Timbers, The Relative Durability of Post. By J. J. Crumley 

 {U.S.A. Exp. Stn.f Ohio, Bull. 219, June 1910). — ^An interesting series 

 of experiments as to the relative* durability of various kinds of timber 

 when used as fence-posts. The various tables of the ages and life of 

 the various woods experimented upon should prove very useful to those 

 who have to do with the erection and maintenance of wood fences. Th^ 

 facts deduced from the experiments are interesting and valuable. 



A. D. W. 



Toads, To Breed. By Pierre Mercadel {Rev. Hort. de VAlgirie, 

 p. 211, June 1911). — A curious note by a writer, who signs himself 

 ** The Friend of Toads," on breeding them in a garden. He informs 

 us that he has busied himself in breeding these insect-eating animals 

 for some years, and that he reckons that a couple will produce 500 or 

 600 eggs in each season, and that each toad will be responsible -for the 

 destruction of a great quantity of harmful insects. — M. L. H. 



Togro, Plants of economic importance from. (2) Fibres, &c., 

 (3) Secretions. By G. Volkens {Not. Kdnig. Bot. Berlin, A'p'pendix 

 xxii. No. 3, pp. 65-119; Nov. 1910; with text-figs.).— The first fivej 

 pages of this contribution conclude the account of the plants of Togo 

 which yield fibres, &c. The rest of the work is occupied with a descrip- 

 tion of plants from this region of Africa which furnish secretions of 



