232 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



they had not failed. They were relaid, to bring the water to the 

 highest part of the cave, so that there is a constant drip and plash of 

 water, keeping the whole place moist. Todea superha and Asplenium 

 fontanum are thriving in the cave. There is a pool over the whole 

 of the bottom, which also runs out in front at the same level. To the 

 left, is a group of Spiraea Filipendula plena, and on the right, Rodgersia 

 podophylla. Access to the cave is by means of rough stepping-stones, 

 and on top of it Jiiniperus Hudsoni is planted. The overflow from the 

 pool runs into the bog garden (fig. 82) just below. Owing to the 

 steep nature of the bank, and this being the only available site for a 

 bog garden, it had to be formed in three different levels. The ground 

 was carefully dealt with and puddled, and stepping-stones placed about 

 it to give easy access for the inspection of the various plants at close 

 quarters. This, in fact, applies to the whole of the rock garden, one 

 point being constantly before the designers — i.e., that visitors should 

 be able to inspect almost every object in the garden closely, without the 

 necessity of stepping on and perhaps injuring some plants in the 

 attempt to obtain a better view of others. There is an alternative 

 supply of water for the bog garden, which can be turned on in case 

 of need. 



The rock garden would not have been considered complete without 

 a moraine. It is difficult in this country to obtain the conditions which 

 obtain in the homes of the alpine flora, yet, with care and knowledge, 

 these conditions may at least be approximated. It is only recently 

 that any serious attempts have been made in this country to form 

 moraines, though I understand Mr. Fareae made one in his rock 

 garden some few years since ; but they have not often been tried. 

 Yet some very charming alpines are found in the moraines in many 

 mountain gorges, and there is no reason why, given the necessary 

 conditions, even if the hand of man has something to do with the 

 preparation of their home, we should not induce many of them to 

 thrive here. 



At Wisley it was desirable to introduce a moraine. A certain 

 amount of moisture underneath, so arranged that it can be regulated 

 and the " soil " kept constantly and uniformly damp, without being too 

 boggy, but always well drained, is one of the chief characteristics of a 

 moraine. At Wisley the beds are puddled, so that ample control over 

 the moisture is assured. Stones are placed to form divisions in the 

 beds, and give the necessary levels, an arrangement being made by 

 which each bed can be relieved of superfluous moisture. Over the 

 water-tight bottom is a six-inch layer of coarse stone, and above this a 

 lead pipe is laid to supply each bed, every pipe having a separate 

 tap connected with the main water-supply, so that any or all of the 

 beds can be moistened from underneath, as required. These pipes are 

 perforated at intervals, along the under side, to insure an even distri- 

 bution of water when the tap is turned on. After the pipes had been 

 properly tested the beds were filled and fine stone chippings laid over 



