THE POLLINATION AND SETTING OF FEUIT BLOSSOMS. 239 



All the plants just mentioned set their fruit perfectly with pollen of 

 the same variety or plant. 



In the case of fruit trees such as the apple, pear, plum, and cherry, 

 we find fruit sets only very rarely when insects are excluded, and that 

 many varieties will not set fruit with pollen of the same tree or variety ; 

 that in all, or nearly all, varieties one gets a larger proportion of fruit 

 set if pollinated with a different variety ; and lastly, that the trees have 

 some degree of preference as to the pollen, pollen of a certain variety 

 producing better results than with that of another variety. 



Apples. 



I believe Mr.. F.J. Chittenden was the first in this country to test 

 different varieties of apples and pears as to whether they will set fruit 

 with pollen of the same variety or require to receive pollen from another 

 variety in order to set fruit. During 1911 and 1912 I tried some 67 

 varieties of apple to see whether they would set fruit when insects were 

 excluded by muslin or paper bags. The result was that only one 

 variety set and matured fruit — namely, ' Irish Peach.' Of 67 varieties 

 pollinated with pollen of the same variety, only 11 set fruit. Mr. 

 Chittenden out of 24 varieties found three set fruit with their own 

 pollen; in Oregon, U.S.A., Messrs. Lewis and Vincent out of 87 

 varieties of apples classified 15 as self -fertile, 13 as partially self- 

 fertile, and 59 as self-sterile; thus it appears that only about 1 in 5 

 varieties o'f apple will set fruit with its own pollen. 



Mr. Chittenden's list of more or less self -fertile apples includes 



* Gladstone,' * Stirling Castle,' * King of the Pippins,' * Early Victoria,' 

 and 'Lord Grosvenor, ' to which, from my trials, I would add 



* Irish Peach,' * White Transparent,' ' Newton Wonder,* ' Ecklinville,' 



* Summer Golden Pippin,' * Baumann's Eed Winter Eeinette,' * Peas- 

 good's Nonsuch,' ' Christmas Pearmain, ' and probably * Washington,* 



* Adam's Pearmain,' ' American Mother, ' and ' James Grieve.' 



Mr. W\ 0. Backhouse found * Lord Derby,' and I think, * Early 

 Julian,' to be self-fertile, whilst in Oregon, U.S.A., ' Keswick Codlin,' 



* Duchess of Oldenburgh ' and * Washington ' are found self- fertile. 



The list of apples that are apparently self-sterile includes 

 ' Alfriston, ' * Alhngton Pippin, ' * Annie Elizabeth, ' ' Beauty of Bath, '' 

 'Beauty of Kent,' 'Belle de Pontoise, ' ' Ben's Eed,' 'Bismarck,' 

 'Blenheim Orange,' 'Brabant Bellefleur, ' 'Broad-eyed Pippin,' 

 ' Cellini,' ' Court Pendu Plat,' ' Cox's Orange Pippin, ' ' Cox's Pomona,' 

 ' Duchess's Favourite,' ' Egremont Eusset,' ' Feam's Pippin,' ' Golden 

 Noble,' 'Golden Spire,' ' Graham's Eoyal Jubilee,' 'Grenadier,' 

 ' Hambling's Seedling,' ' High Canons,' ' Hoary Morning,' ' Holland- 

 bury,' 'King of Tompkin's County,' 'Lane's Prince Albert,' 'Lady 

 Henniker,' ' Lady Sudeley,' ' Loddington,' ' Lord Suffield,' * M^re de 

 Menage,' ' Old Hawthomden, ' ' Old Nonpareil, ' ' The Queen,' ' Eibston 

 Pippin,' ' Eival,' ' Sandringham, ' * Seaton House,' ' Striped Beefing,' 



* Sturmer Pippin, ' ' Waltham Abbey Seedling,' 'Warner's King,' 

 ' Williams' Favourite,' and ' Worcester Pearmain.' 



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