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JOUENAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



longer. After a time, however, the leaf-base also falls to the ground, 

 and thus one or more of the rudimentary buds develops. It produces 

 leaves and roots which penetrate the ground, and then the bud is able 

 to carry on an independent existence as a separate individual. The 

 development of the buds is described in detail. — R. B. 



Anthyllis Studies. By Wilh. Becker {Beih. Bot. Cent. Bd. 29, 

 Abt. ii. Heft 1, pp. 16-40). — The author gives a complete sketch 

 of the distribution of various more or less marked species of 

 Anthyllis in every country in Europe, North Africa, and Abyssinia 

 (only five counties in England are mentioned, and no Scotch or Irish 

 localities). Each form is critically examined. 



After this detailed revision of all known species, he draws the 

 following conclusions : — 



(1) The chief types of neighbouring areas are connected morpho- 

 logically through " irrelevant" forms. 



(2) In consequence of local differences in climate, the chief types 

 are divided out in sub-types both by altitude above the sea and by 

 horizontal distance. 



(3) Neighbouring forms at different altitudes are morphologically 

 the most closely allied. They can be distinguished as forms of the 

 plain, middle mountains, and high mountains. 



(4) Usually two chief types — Vulneraria and vulgaris — can be dis- 

 tinguished, the first in more or less dry, and the second in more or 

 less wet habitats. The first has more leaves, more pinnae, and is 

 more or less hairy. 



(5) The corolla and calyx is yellow or pale in more or less wet 

 situations; in drier and warmer districts the red colour is more 

 pronounced. 



(6) There is a prompt response in form to the smallest climatic 

 variation. These closely related forms are so little different and dis- 

 tinguished by such secondary characters that a special recognition by 

 name is not required {am Platze). That the description of scarcely 

 distinguishable forms is a thing of naught {ein Unding) is clear from 

 the fact that the authors themselves do not recognize them again. 



(7) The original type inhabited the Alps and thence spread not 

 only north and south, but east and west. 



(8) All the names mentioned in the paper, except A. vulnerarioides, 

 Bonj., are forms of one collective species. — G. F. S. E. 



Apples, Inter-Pollination of. By W. J. Allen {Agr. Gaz. 

 N.S.W. vol. xxii., pt. xi., pp. 1001-1003). — Some varieties of apples 

 and pears rarely fertilize themselves. The most productive orchards 

 are generally those containing many varieties. Only three or fonr 

 rows of any one kind should be planted together. — S. E. W. 



Argemones, Hybrid. By P. L. de Vilmour {Rev. I-lort. pp. 

 277-9, June 16, 1912; coloured plate and woodcuts). — The plate repre- 

 sents several hybrid forms of very attractive flowers of the I'oppy 



