398 JOUENAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Trees, Ornamental, for Winter. By H. Spath {Gartenflora, 



vol. Ixi. pt. vii. pp. 164-167). — The following trees and shrubs should 

 be grown for the colour of their bark in winter: Acer 'pennsylvanicum 

 erythrocladu7n (the young twigs are scarlet, but the older bark has 

 white markings on a red ground) ; Cornus tatarica sibinca is carmine 

 scarlet, C. alba dark red, and Acer laeium riibrum brownish purple; 

 Crataegus saligna is brownish red; Prunus Pissardii dark purple; Pyrus 

 Niedzwetzhyana dark red. The new shoots of Cornus Kesselringi are 

 nearly black, but the older growth is dark red. The bark of Salix alba 

 vitellijia britzeyisis is at first bright red, but changes to dark yellow with 

 age. Morus alba aurea, Corylus Avellana aurea, and Alnus incana aurea 

 have dark yellow barks. Fraxinus excelsior aurea, Cornus alba 

 flaviramea, C. sanguinea viridissima, and Tilia platyphyllos aurea have 

 different shades of yellow. Prunus Laurocerasus schipkaensis, Berberis 

 Aquifolium, B. nervosa and B. repens, Pyracantha coccinea, and Holly 

 are recommended as evergreens. Euonymus japonica radicans, Teucrium 

 Chamaedrys, Quercus aizoon, Q. Pseudoturneri, Q. fulhamensis, 

 Q. Lucombeana, Bhamnus hybrida, Myrica cerifera, Crataegus Grignon- 

 ensis, C. flava, and Privet retain their leaves in winter, and should be 

 grown on this account. — S. E. W. 



Vanda, Soil for. By A. Heydt {Orchis, vol. vi. pt. ii. pp. 27, 



28). Well-decayed beech-leaf soil, free from admixture with oak leaves, 

 is the most suitable compost for the cultivation of members of the 

 Vanda family. — >S^. E. W . 



Vegetation, its Effect on Evaporation. By H. A. Gleason 

 and F. G. Gates {Bot. Gaz. pp. 478-491, June 1912; 6 figs.).— The 

 authors arranged twelve standardized atmometers to test evaporation 

 in various associations, all within half a kilometre of each other and 

 near Havana, Illinois. The sandy soil in this district appears to have 

 been gradually colonized by the following succession. First " bunch 

 grass," of which a Leptoloma association precedes scattered tufts of 

 an Eragrostis association. Then follows Quercus velutina woods with- 

 out shmbs or vines and with little herbaceous growth. The Q. velutina 

 wood becomes gradually occupied with vines and herbaceous growth, 

 and then gives place to mixed forest. 



The atmometers showed the following results in these various 

 stages: (1) Bare sand (blow out) centre 1.66 of relative evaporation; 

 (2) Ditto sides 1.27; (3) Bunch grass Leptoloma 1.18; (4) Ditto 

 Eragrostis 1.04; (5) Quercus velutina, first stage, .66; (6) Q. velutina, j 

 second stage, 0.55; (7) Mixed forest margin .36; and (8) Ditto 

 centre .29. 



An atmometer in an open field (woods within 150 yards) was taken 

 as standard with evaporation 1. The beach of the lake gave .93, 

 Willows— Acer part .66, and Willows part .44.-0. F. S. E. 



Veronica, On the Comparative Anatomy of the Leaves of 

 Certain Species of. By E. S. Adamson, M.A., B.Sc, B.A. (Jour. 



