628 



JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



use of hyposulphate of soda. A kilo, of the hyposulphate must be 

 dissolved in 10 litres of water, which should then be sprinkled, cold 

 or hot, in any corner indoors frequented by ants. The creatures will 

 disappear at once. Even a plateful of the solution placed on the 

 shelves of infested cupboards will banish them. Out of doors their 

 heaps should be watered with large quantities of the liquid, boiling if 

 possible, at nightfall. This will destroy every ant. — M. L. H. 



Apple and Pear Market in Europe. By Hon. H. B. Miller 

 {U.S.A. St. Bd. Hort., Oregon, Rep. 1909-10, p. 111).— The U.S.\. 



provide Great Britain with about one-third of the apples she imports, 

 Canada coming next. These apples do not compete with those from 

 Australia and Tasmania, which come into the market at a different 

 time of year. 



The cost of transporting a box of apples to the European market 

 from the Pacific coast is 75 cents, which will probably be reduced to 

 35 cents when the Panama Canal is opened. 



France supplies us with half our pears, Belgium coming next, and 

 America third. But there is room for a great increase in the latter 

 tr,ade, especially if Oregon will send more autumn and winter pears, 

 the French and Belgian varieties not keeping well so late in the season. 



The latter part of 1910 saw South Africa sending large consignments 

 of * William ' pears. These are the same as the American ' Bartlett ' 

 pears, and are plentiful in the spring. 



The establishment of general packing-houses (under an association 

 of Oregon fruit-growers), with guaranteed uniform packing, has had a 

 marked effect in improving grading, and corresponding better returns 

 in cash. — C. H. L. 



Apple "Baldwin Spot" or "Stippin." By H. H. Whetzel 

 {U.S.A. St. Fruit Growers' Ass., New York; 1912). — A description 

 of this disease, which is better known in England as " bitter pit," is 

 given, and the conclusion arrived at that it is the result of interference 

 with the water supply. Treatment lies in equalizing the water supply 

 so that at no time does the tree suffer from an excessive supply or 

 from drought. Drainage, cultivation, and spraying so as to avoid 

 the loss of foliage all tend to this. — F. J. C. 



Apple Fruit Spot and Quince Blotch. By 0. Brooks and 

 C. A. Black {Phytopathology, ii. pp. 63-72; April 1912; 2 plates). 

 Small dark-green, slightly sunken spots with minute black specks 

 upon them characterize this disease on the quince. They appear 

 in August or early September, being most numerous at the flower end 

 of the fruit. They do not develop tO' any extent in storage. Those 

 on the apple are very similar but frequently change to brown or black 

 later and the tissues may become soft. A fungus was isolated and 

 cross inoculations made showing the forms on the two fruits to be 

 identical. The name Cylindrosporium pomi was originally given to 

 this fungus, but now a phoma stage has been discovered, and the 



