NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



681 



Eubber is also gaining increased attention in St. Vincent, and here 

 the Assam and Para trees were those most free from pests and diseases. 

 The staple crops are cotton and arrowroot. 



In Barbados sugar and cotton made great strides. 



St. Lucia (with sugar and cacao as staple crops) is building up a 

 progressive lime-fruit industry, which fruit has also been re-established 

 in Montserrat since the destruction wrought by hurricane in 1899. 

 The staple crop here is cotton. 



Dominica grows spineless limes, first shipping citrate of lime to 

 England in 1906-7. 



Eubber plantations are increasing. The Castilloa did not suffer 

 from a severe gale in 1903-4, as did Funtumia, but the samples were 

 inferior to Para rubber shipped at the same time (1907-8). For 

 coagulating the Hevea latex lime-juice was used. Hevea is easier 

 to tap than the others mentioned. 



In Antigua sugar-cane cultivation had fallen very low, but has 

 been made the subject of thorough investigation as to seedling varieties, 

 treatment of disease, manurial experiments, " plants " versus 

 "ratoons," soil analysis, meteorological records, &c., with the result 

 that decadence has been arrested and prosperity restored. 



In St. Kitts sugar and cotton are the staple crops. 



In Nevis cotton and sugar, in order of importance. 



In the Virgin Islands cotton is the staple; sugar and limes are 

 subsidiary crops. — C. H. L. 



White Flies Injurious to Citrus in Florida. By A. W. 



Morrill, Ph.D., and E. A. Back, Ph.D. (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Bur. 

 Entom., Bull 92; July 1911; 10 plates, 19 figs.).— This bulletin in- 

 cludes the principal results of studies of the two species of white flies 

 most destructive to Citrus in the United States, i.e. Citrus White-fly 

 [Aleyrodes citri E. and H.) and the Cloudy-winged White-fly (Aleyrodes 

 nuhifera Berger). — V. G. J. 



Woodland, An Ecologrical Study of a Cambridg-eshire. By 



E. S. Adamson, M.A., B.Sc. Edin., B.A., Camb. (Jour. Linn. 

 Soc. vol. xl. No. 276, pp. 339-384; Feb. 1912; plates 12-17 and 

 1 text fig.). — A study of the ecology of Gamlingay Wood situated in 

 the extreme west of Cambridgeshire. Geologically it is placed upon 



j the boulder clay, above gault and lower greens and. This gives 

 rise to two types of soil in the wood : a heavy calcareous clay and 



j a non-calcareous loam. The vegetation of these two soil-types is quite 



j different. The calcareous soil supports an Ash-Oak wood association, 

 while the non-calcareous loam gives rise to an Oak wood association. 

 The Ash-Oak association is the most extensively developed type of 

 woodland on calcareous clays and marls in the South of England, 

 The ground flora of each association is divided into plant societies, 



. which are determined maialy by the soil-moisture, the intensity of 

 light, and the rate of evaporation. The chief societies of the Ash- 



I Oak association are dominated by Spiraea Ulmaria, either pure or 



