30 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



plants shapely, and this is best done as soon as the flowering period is 

 over. 



Cydonia japonica and its varieties should always be allowed plenty 

 of room to develop, and when this is done little pruning is needed. 



Philadelphus. — Few flowering shrubs have come more to the fore 

 than these during the last few years, and no garden where shrubs 

 are cultivated is complete without some of the better varieties. They 

 answer well to pruning, and some of the stronger-growing varieties 

 require severe pruning. This is best done immediately after flowering 

 or in early spring. 



Deutzias. — Owing to the introduction of such a number of fine 

 new varieties, these now form a very important group of flowering 

 shrubs. Like the varieties of Philadelphus, they all respond well to 

 the free use of the knife, when such is necessary, and should be 

 treated like them. 



Cytisuses and Genistas. — All the stronger- growing species require to 

 be annually pruned to keep them within bounds, which should be done 

 immediately after flowering in all cases. It should be noted that they 

 seldom break satisfactorily when cut back into old, hard wood. 



The North American Chionanthus virginica, or Fringe Tree, may 

 be grown as a bush or treated as a wall subject. In either position 

 it is a most worthy object. It should be pruned after flowering. 



Clerodendron trichotomum, from China and Japan, is hardy when 

 planted in sheltered situations in most parts of the country. It 

 should never be allowed to be crowded by surrounding shrubs, and 

 requires very httle pruning. 



Coronilla Emerus, the Scorpion Senna, should be pruned after 

 flowering, when necessary. 



Cornus, the Dogwoods.-— Many of these are especially beautiful 

 during winter. This applies more particularly to the Cornus alba section 

 which, when planted in masses or as single specimens and cut down 

 to the ground annually during the first week in April, are strikingly 

 handsome during the winter months. Others, such as hrachypoda, 

 florida, Kousa, macrophylla, and NuUallii, make quite small trees and 

 do not require such hard pruning, but by no means resent it when 

 necessary to keep them in a shapely condition. 



Colutea arbor escens, the Bladder Senna or Bladder Nut, is extremely 

 interesting when covered with its conspicuous fruits. Though by no 

 means a rare or choice subject, it should be planted in all large col- 

 lections. It needs pruning in early spring. 



The varieties of Hibiscus syriacus, or Althaea jrutex, as it is often 

 called, should be allowed plenty of room in a sunny position, when 

 hardly any pruning will be required, as they are very compact-growing 

 plants. 



Hippophae rhamnoides, the Sea Buckthorn, though it has a reputa- 

 tion for doing well near the sea, may be equally well grown inland. 

 Both sexes should always be cultivated in close proximity. It may 

 be pruned, but not too severely, in early spring. 



