NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



141 



or three rose-coloured flowers. C. Menziesii bears one to three white 

 flowers. C. Patersonii, yellowish-pink with brownish-purple tips. 

 C. reptans, hairy leaves, underside purple; the flower resembles C. 

 latifolia. C. sericea has hairy leaves and stem ; the flowers are blue. 

 C. testacea bears a pale-blue flower on a slender stalk ; it resembles 

 C. carnea in many respects. — 5. E. W. 



Campanulas or Bellflowers. By S. Arnott (Garden, 1913, 

 PP- 433, 445, 473, 483, 49^, 524, 534, 53^, 55o, and 562).— This is an 

 interesting and useful review of the garden Campanulas which does 

 not lend itself conveniently to abstracting. — H. R. D. 



Cedar Woods.— By W. Dalhmore [Bull. Roy. Bot. Card. Kew, 1913, 

 No. 6, pp. 207-224). — The frequency with which the word "cedar" 

 is used in connexion with various kinds of timbers led the author 

 to compile a list of the trees to which the name is applied. There 

 appears to be little doubt that the name was originally applied to 

 the Cedar of Lebanon, Cedrus Lihani Loud., which is the most widely 

 known Cedar of the present day, although its wood is one of the least 

 important of the many which now bear the name of Cedar. The 

 chief reason for the adoption of the name for many kinds of woods 

 appears to be that they possess an odour very like that of the Cedar 

 of Lebanon, but in other cases a real or fancied resemblance between 

 the leaves or the bark of the two trees has been found a sufficient 

 reason for the name. Then again the name appears to have been 

 given to some woods in order to try to create a market for the timber, 

 whilst in other instances there does not appear to be any good explana- 

 tion for the use of the word. From these several reasons the name 

 of Cedar has been brought into use for trees and woods which are 

 totally distinct in habit and structure, belonging to widely separated 

 families, and coming from many different parts of the world. The 

 list contains no fewer than fifty-seven species, belonging to fifteen 

 Natural Families. A note on the habit of the tree and the value of 

 this wood is given in each case. — A. S. 



Chestnut Bark Disease. By H. Metcalf {U.S.A. Dep. Agr. 

 Year Book 1912, pp. 363-372 ; i col. plate, 3 other plates). — ^This 

 disease is caused by Endothia parasitica (Murr.) and gives rise to a 

 concentrically spreading canker, which soon encircles the trunk and 

 so kills the tree. Apparently the fungus does not penetrate below 

 ground to any great extent. Conidia and ascospores may be conveyed 

 either by animals or wind to healthy trees, and enter the trees by 

 shght wounds in the bark. The author advocates strict inspection of 

 chestnut trees, and suggests attempting to produce species immune 

 from this disease by crossing American species with Asiatic species. 



A. B. 



Children's Garden Work, Some Types of. By Miss Susan B. 

 Sipe {U.S.A. Exp, Sin., Bull. 252, Dec. 5, 1912 • 11 pi. and 2 figs.). — 

 This book describes the work done in connexion with school gardens 



