NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



instance, there are certain nival species which have no special method 

 of dispersal and which show markedly discontinuous distribution, and 

 these can hardly be regarded otherwise than as relict forms. — F. C. 



Vegetable Crops, Diseases of. By F. D. Bailey {U.S.A. Exp. 

 Stn. Oregon, Report, 1911-12, pp. 270-291 ; figs.). — ^The following 

 diseases are dealt with : Black-leg of cabbage and cauliflower, 

 characterized by the blackening and decay of the stem close to the 

 surface of the ground, due to Phoma oleracea. Club root of various 

 cruciferous plants, due to Plasmodiophora brassicae, not very common 

 in Oregon, and to be controlled by liming the soil. Celery blightj 

 caused by Septoria petroselini var. apii, already described in this 

 Journal. Downy mildew of lettuce, caused by Bremia lactucae, 

 drop disease of the same plant, due to Sclerotinia Liber liana, gray 

 mould caused by Botrytis cinerea, damping off, brought about by 

 Corticium vagum, leaf perforation due to Marssonia perforans, 

 onion mildew, potato disease [Phytophthora infestans), potato dry 

 rot (Fusarium oxysporum), to which wilt is also attributed, " little 

 potatos following the attack of Rhizoctonia solani, black-leg due to 

 Bacillus phylophlhorus and B. solanisaprus, scab due to Oospora 

 scabies, are all dealt with and methods of control suggested. Of 

 tomato diseases, wilt (of two kinds), blight due to Phytophthora, 

 leaf mould caused by Cladosporium fulvum, and blossom-end rot are 

 described. Water-melon wilt due to a spedes of Fusarium is also 

 dealt with.— F. /. C. 



Vine Budding. By J. B. Mais [Rev. Hori. de I'Alg. March 1913, 

 p. 120 I figs.). — speedy and satisfactory method of renewing a 

 vineyard is said to be by budding wild stocks, the stocks to be planted 

 in prepared ground from December to March, and the budding to be 

 performed successively from early summer till September 10. After 

 that date the possibility of cold rain makes success uncertain. The 

 vigour of plantations made in this way is much greater for the first 

 five years. After that time the difference is less noticeable. — M. L. H. 



Vine Pruning in California (Part I.). By F. T. Bioletti (U.S.A. 

 Exp. Stn., California, Bull. 241, 47 pp. ; 20 figs.). — With a few un- 

 important exceptions, all the vines grown for their fruit in California 

 are varieties of Vitis vinifera, but they are different for the most part 

 from those grown elsewhere in America. This and the differences 

 of climate have led to the adoption of a system of pruning in some 

 respects peculiar to this State. — A . P. 



Viola X florairensis. By H. Correvon [Garden, June 4, 1913, 

 p. '11). — ^A hybrid between V. rothomagensis and V. calcarata, found 

 in the garden at Floraire, near Geneva, six years ago. A very low 

 creeping plant, like V. saxatilis, but the flowers, instead of dark purple, 

 are pale lilac, with light blue centre, marked with fifteen or seventeen 

 dark stripes and a golden eye. It flowers through the whole year 

 and sows itself everywhere when established. — H. R. D. 



VOL. XL. o 



