NOTES AND ABSTRACtS. 



Fruit Spot, Jonathan. By J. B. S. Norton {Phytopathology, iii. 

 p. 99, Apr. 1913). — This spot is characterized by the development 

 of small black spots under the lenticels. The author shows that they 

 develop in apples and pears after the exposure for one night to sHght 

 fumes of ammonia, formaHn, and perhaps sulphur. In red varieties 

 of apples the black colour develops in a day or two after the injury, 

 in pears very quickly. If fruits are kept moist there is no pitting, 

 but if the atmosphere is dry pitting ensues. — F. J. C. 



Fruit Tree Leaf-Roller, The. By John B. Gill {U.S.A. Dep. 

 Agr., Bur. Entom., Bull. 116, pt. v. March 1912 ; 5 pis., tables). — 

 This pest, in its larval stage, is difficult to control on account of the 

 way the larvae feed, and also because it is very resistant to poison 

 sprays. Experiments show that the best method is a very thorough 

 application of a miscible oil at the rate of i gallon to 15 gallons of 

 water during the dormant season to destroy the egg-masses. — V. G. J. 



Fruit Tree Leaf Roller, The. By Geo. P. Weldon {U.S.A. 

 St. Com. Hort. Col., Bull. ii. 9 Sept. 1913 ; 9 figs.). — This pest, which 

 is the larva of a moth {Archips argyrospila Walker), is frequently 

 reported as injuring the fruit and foliage of various trees in different 

 parts of the country, after becoming so numerous that acres of orchards 

 are defoHated and the crop ruined. Spraying with miscible oils in the 

 winter has been found effective in destroying the eggs. Arseniate of 

 lead, applied thoroughly, will kill the larva. It is usually necessary 

 to spray a second time. 



This bulletin also contains accounts of the red humped caterpillar, 

 the fruit tree bark beetle, the potato tuber moth, and a new 

 parasite of the black scale. — V. G. J. 



Fruit Trees, Crown Rot oL By J. G. Grossenbacher {U.S.A. 

 Exp, Stn., Geneva, N.Y., Tech. Bull. 23 ; 1913). — ^This bulletin 

 contains' records of a large number of field observations in various 

 orchards and fruit farms, made with a view to ascertaining the causes 

 which predispose fruit trees to crown rot in the States. Winter 

 injury and wind seem to be important factors. 



The histology is to be published in a later bulletin. — D. M. C. 



Galtonia prineeps {Bot. Mag. tab. 8533). — South Africa. Nat. 

 Ord. Liliaceae, Tribe Scilleae. Herb, bulb globose. Leaves, 4-6, 

 narrowly lanceolate, ij foot long. Scape longer than the leaves. 

 Flowers in a raceme, i foot long. Flowers bracteate, pedicels 2-3 

 inches long. Perianth subcampanulate. Tube, oblong, J inch long, 

 green ; lobes, ovate, J inch long, pale yellowish-green. — G. H. 



Gas, Effects of Illuminating, on Vegetation. By G. E. Stone 

 {U.S.A. Exp. Stn., Mass., Ann. Rep. 1912, p. 45, Jan. 1913). — 

 Water gas, coal gas, gasoline gas, acetylene gas are all very poisonous 

 to plants. When exposed to gas poisoning through leakage into 



