348 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



in cultivation at this early date. Indeed the number of those already 

 introduced shows that garden science must have been in existence 

 somewhere in extremely ancient times. 



There is, of course, an enormous number probably cultivated for 

 their medicinal properties^ and a very large proportion are wild German 

 plants (though these are also often of wide distribution). 



The fifteenth-century gardener in Germany grew Royal fern, male 

 and lady fern. Polypody, Asplenium Trichomanes and A. Adiantum 

 nigrum, as well as Bracken and many others, including OpMoglossum 

 and Boirychium. 



The Yew% Spruce, Silver Fir, Larch, Scots Pine, Cupressus semper- 

 virens, and Juniper (both species) are given, as well as Ephedra. 



Maize, Job's Tears, Sugar-cane, Sorghum, Millet, Gardeners' 

 Garters, and Briza media are given. 



So also Cyperus esculentus, Date Palm, Arum maculatum, Colocasia, 

 and Dracunculus. 



Amongst Liliaceae, Veratrum album, two Asphodels, Hemerocallis, 

 Aloe vera, eleven species of Allium, four Lilies, Ornithogalum, Tulip, 

 Erythronium, Hyacinth, Muscari, four species of Asparagus, Ruscus, 

 Solomon's Seal, Lily of the Valley, and Herb Paris were known, and 

 of Amaryllids Leucojum, Narcissus poeticus, N. Pseudo -narcissus, N. 

 angustifolius, and others. Three species of Crocus, seven of Iris, and 

 three Gladioli are noticed, also Canna, Cypripedium, and Listera, 

 Piper nigrum, two Willows, Walnut, Hazel, Beech, Sweet Chestnut, 

 Ulmus campestris (not Wych Elm), Celtis, Fig, Mulberry, and Hop. It 

 is rather peculiar to find not only Parietaria but Urtica pilulifera, 

 Asartcm, four species of Aristolochia, six Rumex (including Aceto sella), 

 Bistorta, and Polygonum Convolvulus. 



Chenopodiaceae included Beta, Suaeda, Chenopodium Botrys, 

 Salicornia, Spinach, Atriplex, and Kochia. 



The Amarantaceae were represented by Celosia (three species) 

 and two Amaranths. 



Caryophyllaceae — Silene (two species). Lychnis coronaria and two 

 others, three Melandriums, and four Dianthus, as well as Saponaria 

 officinalis and S. ocymoides. 



The gardens were particularly rich in Ranunculaceae, two Paeonies, 

 Marsh Marigold, Globe-flower, three Hellebores, three Nigellas, Actaea, 

 two Aquilegias, three Delphiniums, four Aconites, Clematis (two species), 

 Hepatica, Anemone coronaria, A. Pulsatilla and three others, seven 

 RanuncuH, two Thalictrums, and two Adonis. 



Besides the Barberry, Laurus nobilis, Hypecoum, Roemeria, 

 Glaucium, and Opium Poppy, one finds three species of Corydalis. 



Of Cruciferae, four Lepidiums, Iberis imibellata, Cochlearia, 

 Alliaria officinalis, Sisymbritim, Woad, Eruca, Sinapis alba, Brassica 

 oleracea, B. rapa, B. Napus, Raphaniis, Barbarea vidgaris. Nasturtium 

 officinale, four Cardamines, two Lunarias, Camelina, Wallflower, 

 Matthiola (two species), and Hesperis matronalis, Capparis spinosa. 

 Reseda luteola, and R. alba were also grown. There were four Sedums 



