NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



613 



Ammonia Gas as a Fumigant. By D. E. Fink {Jour. Econ. 

 Entom. vii. p. 149; Feb. 1914). — Ammonia gas was found to be an 

 efficient fumigant for killing pea seed beetle when the seeds were 

 contained in small bags. Three oz. of strong ammonia was allowed to 

 evaporate in a box of about 9 cubic ft. capacity. No particulars of the 

 effect of the gas on the seeds are given.— -F. J.C. 



Apple Black-rot, Control of. By F. A. Wolf {Phytopathology, 

 iii. pp. 288-289; Dec. 1913). — The author considers removal of 

 mummy apples attacked by Sphaeropsis malorum, the cause of apple 

 black-rot, ploughing in of leaves in autumn, and two sprayings with 

 3-3-50 Bordeaux mixture effective in controlling this disease.— F. /. C. 



Apple-blossom Blight, an Unnsual Outbreak. By G. M. 

 Reed {Phytopathology, iv. p. 27 ; February 1914). — Notes are given of 

 a very severe outbreak of blossom blight due to Bacillus amylovorus, 

 in which the varieties * Ben Davis,' ' Gano,' ' Early Harvest,' and 

 ' Ontario ' proved quite free ; ' Ingram,' ' Melonen,' ' Jeneton,' 

 * Devonshire Duke,' and ' Stayman Winesap ' were all badly attacked, 

 practically all the clusters of leaves and flowers dying and turning 

 brown. — F. J. C. 



Apple, Cedar Rust of the. By Dr. M. B. Waite {U.S.A. Hort. 



Soc, Virginia, Rep. 1913, pp. 37-56). — A popular study of the life- 

 history of this fungus. It seems to be gradually adapting itself to 

 one variety after another, and to be increasing in its severity at a 

 very rapid rate where the red cedar is in proximity to apple orchards. 

 The cutting down of red cedar trees within a mile of the orchard is 

 still the only satisfactory way of combating the disease, though in a 

 season with only one short infection period some excellent results have 

 been obtained from a spraying just ahead of this period. See abstract 

 on " Apple Trees and Cedar Rust " in the R.H.S. Journal, vol. xxxix. 

 p. 762.—^. P. 



Apple *King David,' By U. P. Hedrick {U.S.A. Exp. Sin., 

 Geneva, New York, Bull. 385, 1914 ; col. pi.).— An improved * Jona- 

 than ' found in a hedgerow in Washington County and considered 

 of great promise.— A. Bd. 



Apple-sucker and Leaf-curling Plum Aphis, Spraying for. 



By F. R. Petherbridge {Jour. Bd. Agr. xxi. p. 915 ; Jan. 1915).— 

 Reports the results of spraying with various grades of lime-sulphur 

 in the early spring in a badly-infested orchard. The author con- 

 siders that the application of lime-salt and sulphur wash as late as 

 possible previous to the hatching of the Psylla eggs is a good preventive 

 measure, but that spraying before the middle of March is of little 

 service.— F. J.C. 



