PROPAGATION AND CULTIVATION OF FRUIT TREES IN JAPAN. 97 



exclusively from seeds. Japanese plums are propagated mainly by 

 grafting, while cuttings, divisions, and suckers are often used. They 

 take well on their seedlings, peaches, Ume and apricots, and are 

 grafted at the same season as peaches. Scions may be cut before 

 grafting as with peaches. The stocks are raised from cuttings or by 

 seeds. Japanese apricots are propagated by grafting. Other means 

 are seldom used. Seedling apricots and Japanese plums are the best 

 stocks, though Times are often used. Graft them in March and treat 

 the scions as in peaches. 



Ume trees are commonly grafted on a wild species called * Yabai,' 

 *Bungo-ume,' and * Naniwa,' and another wild variety. The first 

 roots freely from cuttings. Besides grafting, cuttings and divisions 

 are used. They are best grafted between the middle of March and 

 the end of that month, the scions being used immediately on 

 cutting. 



Cherries are propagated by grafting, other means being rarely used. 

 Wild cherry {Prunus Pseudo-cerasus var. spontanea), * Yoshino ' 

 {P. Pseudo-cerasus var. Sieholdii), * Higanzakura ' (P. Miqueliana) and 

 * Fujizakura ' (P. incisa) are the common stocks. Among them, the 

 last has a markedly dwarfing effect upon cherries, as has the Mahaleb. « 

 Late February or early March are the best seasons to graft. The 

 scions are treated as with peach. All varieties of cherries take easily, 

 and stocks are readily grown by cuttings. 



* Yusura ' (P. tomentosa) is an ornamental shrub, and its fruit being 

 palatable like cherries, it is much liked. It is easy to propagate by 

 division, cuttings, and layers. Grafting is rarely used, but they unite 

 well upon peaches. * Niwa-ume ' (P. japonica) has a similar habit and 

 is similarly propagated. 



Jujube is propagated by seeds, layers, division, and cuttings. 



Myricas are grown from seeds, root-cuttings, layering, division, and 

 grafting. The same species is used as stocks. 



Chestnuts are propagated by seeds, inarching, side-grafting, cutting- 

 grafting, and other means. Wild chestnuts and common seedlings are 

 used as stocks. Grafting is done in March. Scions have to be cut 

 and stored for about three to five weeks before grafting. 



Japanese walnuts are propagated by seeds. In the case of grafting, 

 walnuts are used as stocks. 



Gingkos are propagated by seeds. Grafting is seldom used; but 

 when it is done they are grafted on Gingko by Kiritsugi and splice- 

 grafting. 



Torreyas are grafted by inarching on the wild species, but seedlings 

 are often raised. 



White Pines (Pinus koraiensis) are grafted by inarching or cleft 

 grafting upon wild-grown black pine (P. Thunbergii). 



Vines have long been propagated by layering in the growing centres 

 of Kai. Cuttings, division, and grafting are also familiar methods. 

 Propagation by means of * ' eyes ' ' has lately been introduced from 

 Europe. They are grafted on other grape cuttings or on the wild 



VOL. XXXVII. H 



