HOETICULTURAL NOMENCLATURE. 



149 



II, Rules of Horticultural Nomenclature adopted by the Sub- 

 section ON Nomenclature at the International Congress at 

 Brussels, 1910. 



Article I. — Horticultural nomenclature is based upon the rules of 

 Botanical Nomenclature adopted by the International Congress of 

 Botany, held at Vienna in 1905. The Horticultural Congress accept 

 all the principles, and rules, so far as they apply to names of species 

 and groups of a higher order, but adopt the modifications and additions 

 contained in the following Articles for horticultural varieties and 

 hybrids of cultivated plants. 



Among the principles which serve as a basis of these rules it is 

 particularly important not to lose sight of the following: — • 



1. In all schemes of nomenclature the essential principles are: (a) 

 to aim at fixity of names ; (h) to avoid or discourage the employment of 

 forms or names which are liable to produce errors or uncertainties, or 

 to bring about confusion. Next (c) it is important to avoid the creation 

 of useless names. Other considerations such as absolute grammatical 

 exactitude, regularity, or euphony in names, more or less general use, 

 consideration for persons (" authority "), etc., notwithstanding their 

 undisputed importance, are relatively subsidiary. 



2. Any usage contrary to the rules may not be maintained if it 

 entails confusion or error. When any usage of this nature is not 

 greatly inconvenient, it may justify exceptional treatment; it is 

 necessary, howevef, to guard against extending or imitating it. Finally, 

 in default of rules, or if the application of the rule is doubtful, any 

 established usage becomes lawful. 



3. Each natural group of plants can only carry in science a single 

 valid designation, viz., the most ancient, provided it conforms with the 

 rules of nomenclature. 



4. The designation of a group by one or several names, has not for 

 its object the expression of the characters or history of the group, but 

 is to give a means of understanding one another when wishing to speak 

 of it. 



5. No one has the right to alter a name or combination of names 

 without weighty reasons founded upon a very thorough knowledge of 

 1he facts or upon the necessity of abandoning a nomenclature contrary 

 to the rules. 



6. Botanical and horticultural nomenclature commences at the year 

 1753 for all the groups of vascular plants. 



Article II. — It is necessary in naming horticultural varieties of 

 species and simple forms to employ the complete names of the species 

 with the name of the author. 



The employment of Latin in naming horticultural varieties is 

 authorized only when the character of the plant is expressed, e.g., 

 nanus, fastigiatus, etc. The use of Latin proper names for such 

 varieties is proscribed. 



The names of horticultural varieties must always be written in 



