NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



255 



grafting, such as, for example, the Potato on the Tomato and vice 

 versa, and the effect of stock on scion in these and other cases. The 

 curious fact is mentioned that while the Pear is easily grafted on the 

 Quince, it is impossible to graft the Quince on the Pear, though suc- 

 cessful union in the one case would seem to imply it in the other. 



C. T. D. 



Grape-Spraying- Experiments in Michig'an in 1909. By Lon. 



A. Hawkins {U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Bur. PI. Ind. Circ. 65; September 27, 

 1910; 3 plates, 4 tables). — Black-rot is a most destructive disease of 

 the grape in the eastern United States and is caused by the fungus 

 Guignardia Bidwellii (Ell.). It first appears in the spring in the form 

 of brown spots on the leaves, upon which a number of black pustules 

 develop. These contain the " summer spores," minute rounded bodies 

 which are scattered by the wind and rain. When they alight on the 

 leaves, shoots, stems, or berries they send out tubes which penetrate 

 and destroy the tissues. The affected grapes shrivel up and become 

 mummied and covered with the spore-containing black pustules. 

 " Winter spores " are common on the old mummied grapes in spring 

 and summer, and are an efficient means of reproducing and distributing 

 the fungus. 



Experiments have been made with sprayings of (1) Bordeaux 

 mixture from various formulae ; (2) neutral copper acetate prepared with 

 1 lb. neutral copper acetate dissolved in 50 gallons of water; (3) ammon- 

 iacal copper carbonate prepared by dissolving 6 oz. copper carbonate in 

 three pints strong ammonia and adding it to 50 gallons water; (4) self- 

 boiled lime-sulphur; (5) commercial lime-sulphur. 



It was found in these experiments that the best fungicide was Bor- 

 deaux mixture made with 4 lb. copper sulphate, 3 lb. lime to 50 gallons 

 water. Eive applications of this preparation thoroughly applied com- 

 pletely controlled the disease. 



Neutral copper acetate and ammoniacal copper carbonate were rather 

 inclined to injure the foliage, and lime-sulphur mixtures, commercial 

 and otherwise, were not suitable fungicides for grapes. — V. G. J. 



Grease-banding- of Fruit Trees. By F. V. Theobald, M.A. 



F.E.S. (Jour. Bd. Agr. vol. xvii. p. 542. October 1910). — Experiments 

 extending over six years (1) to find out what insects harmful to fruit 

 trees arfe actually caught in the grease-bands and the period of their 

 appearance, (2) the best position to band the trees, (3) the most success- 

 ful class of grease to use. The conclusions arrived at are : (1) Grease- 

 banding should be carried out fully from October to mid-April. (2) 

 : Other injurious insects besides winter moths and their allies are caught, 

 i (3) All greases except Tanglefoot, placed directly on the bark are 

 j injurious. (4) Tlie bands are best placed not less than 4 feet from the 

 : ground. (5) Thick parchment paper, grease-proof, if possible on both 

 sides, is required. — W. S. 



Hemp in the United States, The Cultivation of. By Lyster 

 H. Deevey (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Bur. PI. Ind., Circ. 57; May 1910).— 



