NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



283 



on the cones is also recorded. The two do not always occur together. 

 Dr. Arthur has suggested that Pucciniastrum miyiimum which attacks 

 species of Azalea is the alternate stage of Peridermium fructigenum 

 and this the author considers probable. The distribution of the 

 different species is discussed. — F, J. G. 



San Jos6 Scale, Some Sprays for its Control. By C. G. 



Woodbury ([/.^. A. Agr. Exp. Sin., Purdue, Bull. 138;Vol. XV. ; 

 February 1910; 7 figs.). — Among the many sprays experimented with 

 the author considers that a home-made lime-sulphur wash, the formula 

 for which is given, is the most satisfactory spray for the San Jose 

 scale, two applications being necessary if the trees are badly infested. 

 The spraying must be done during the dormant period. — Y . G. J. 



Scale Insects in West Indies by Fungoid Parasites, Control 



of. By F. W. South {West Indian Bull. vol. xi. 1, p. 1; 1910).— 



The last two years have seen a great increase in the practice of 

 destroying insect pests by means of fungoid parasites. 



The application of the principle was at first suggested by Pasteur's 

 discovery in 1870 of the bacterial disease of silkworms, and for the last 

 27 years work has been proceeding in the United States in this direction. 



Scale insects, cabbage caterpillars, grasshoppers and others have 

 been experimented upon. 



Information on the same subject has been received from other coun- 

 tries, Cuba, Ceylon, S. Africa, Australia, &c. 



In Florida, the application of Bordeaux mixture on orange trees for 

 another purpose resulted in a large increase of scale, of which the 

 fungoid enemy had evidently been destroyed. The fungi can be distri- 

 buted where not naturally present by spraying the scale-infected trees 

 with water in which the fungus has been freely liberated, or by tying 

 fungus -infected leaves into the trees in close contact with healthy scale 

 insects. 



In Montserrat, where limes are often badly infested with scale, a 

 growth of " Bengal Beans " round each tree has been found most bene- 

 ficial, as affording shelter and protection to fungoid and other parasites 

 and also improving the general health of the trees (besides the known 

 effect of increased nitrogen). A low temperature checks the parasites, 

 wind dries them up, whereas they flourish under moist conditions. 



A visitation of volcanic ash from Mont Pelee together with a dry 

 season materially checked the fungi in Dominica in 1903. Obviously 

 in a very dry season, unfavourable to parasites, spraying might be 

 advisable, until the fungi regained their vigour, but in this case sulphur 

 and other fungicidal ingredients must be avoided. 



A second part of the paper deals with the distribution of the fungi 

 among the Islands, and Part 3 gives a description of the four species 

 of fungi.— C. H. L. 



Scale Insects, The Identity and Synonymy of some of our 



Soft. By J. G. Sanders (Jour. Econ. Entom. vol. 2, pt. 6, pp. 



