1839] 



On the Statistics of Dukhun. 



403 



Owand tenure. — Any inhabitants of a village, cultivating lands in a 

 neighbouring village, but not residing in that village, do so on the Owand 

 tenure. The rate and terms are the Ooktee, and with respect to the vil- 

 lage such cultivator is, in fact, an Oopuree, but his distinctive appella- 

 tion is Owand-Kuree. 



The above are the tenures on which the government land revenue is 

 raised, which in the four coUectorates of Dukhun amounts to 82-372 per 

 cent, of the whole revenue ; this per centage, however, includes some 

 trifling rents from government lands, gardens, orchards, grass lands, and 

 sheep grazing, quit rents, fees, Hukdars, and extra cesses. 



Tenures involving alienations of lands. — I have now to speak of ten- 

 ures which involve alienations of lands, from a few beegahs in a village, 

 to whole districts : these are Jagheer and Eenam in Khandeah ; Surinjami 

 Eeuam, and Doomalla in the Aumednuggur CoUectorate ; Eeriam, Surin- 

 jam, -di^^ E esc phut in Poona ; and in Dharwar, Jooree E envm, -Surwa 

 Eenam, and Jagheer : at least, such terms appeared in the population 

 returns sent to me, and in the public papers which I Lave. 



Jagheer. — Jagheer, which is a Persian word in its orign, is applied to 

 lands given by government (or the government share of the rents) for 

 personal support, or as a fief for the maintenance of troops for the service 

 of the state : some service is implied in the i>ersonal as well as in the 

 military Jagheer-. In the CoUectorates in Dukhun upwards of 400 

 populated villages appear to be alienated in Jagheer. 



Eenam. — Eenam is a word of Arabic origin, meaning a " gift," " pre- 

 sent and lands so held should be entirely free from tax to government ; 

 but a subsequent explanation of various tenures will show that Eenam 

 has a much wider signification than is generally supposed. This tenure 

 is very extensive in Dukhun ; for independently of the grants of 

 whole towns and villages to individuals, of which there are 2^-51 alienated 

 in the Poona coUectorate alone, and the other coUectorates have a pro- 

 poriional share ; independently also of grants for temples and religious 

 institutions, almost every village has Eenam land held by the Pateel, 

 Koolkurnee, and Mahrs, and very commonly the Deshmooks and Desh- 

 pandehs have also land rent free appertaining to their offices in the 

 villages of their districts. The Bara BuUooteh, or twelve village artizans 

 and ofncers, have often Eenam lands, but their Eenam is qualified by the 

 imposition of some professional service, and it pays also a quit rent. 

 Many of the Eenams are very curious in their objects ; for instance, at 

 the village of Wangee, Pergunnah Wangee, Poona coUectorate, 15 

 beegahs of land to a mendicant for reading stories before the goddess 

 Dawai at her festival ; 15 beegahs to the tabor players at the temple; 



