410 



On thr Statistics of Dnlhun. 



[A nut. 



Dual prr-ceiitopo in kiml iijv>n li e pmtlucp i>fil)o fnrmrr ; nnd this \v;is 

 callid iboir i:u . oit'li, wlim.e the term Wiwix \W\vo\^\\ : tlie foe be in >j 

 called Bullo« toll, and the leeeivev of it Hul too'eh'lar. Very rnrely 

 comM 1 r cf ei her f rmer tif Bu lootclular to slate spe ii'oidly what the 

 one ^Mve, aiul ;ho tiJier vas entitled to receive; it depended vmv much 

 upon the cn)p5, nnd ;i^so np.>n the rxtei-t i f servi. os pt rfoim. d for each 

 individual • idliv.ilor. 'i I est crartsm.n ha^ e fretpicutly small portions 

 of Ei nam lands, and part of iluir Fnllooti h goes to i;o\ ernni- nt as a tax. 



Shct Sundto /V/M/r.". — L ii-ds were p;iven to a kind of militia in the 

 distrivt5 in place of pay, for the perlorniance of certaiti duties, ])rinci- 

 pally in th.i proteetiou of their vihair^s : this tenure is called Shet Sun- 

 dee from .S7.€/ •'afield," and Sumntd ''a grant;" constituling the 

 holders, in fa t. a landed militia. Although this tenure may have been 

 general atonep Miod, 1 only observed lands set apart as Shet Sundee in 

 five Pergunnahsof the Poona coUectorate, and I remarked it also at 

 Kuimulla, Alnnednuggur eollcctorate. 



Ttnure of Choirg'tlla.-^TheTe are several other tenures, of which a 

 brief notice only may be given. Tiic ChowguUa is the Pateel's assis- 

 tant ; he is found in most vill,\ges ; sometimes he has a trifling grant of 

 land, but most commonly grain- fees from the landholders. Tliis per- 

 sonage is called Buglah where the Kanree language is sjjokcn. 



In some Turrulf^ a Havildar is met with ; the term is of Arabic ori- 

 gin, from //r/ara/a " charge," "custody," and Dar "agent," "holder." 

 This officer was introduced by the Moosulmans as a sujjcrvisor in the 

 colh-ction of the revenue of a certain number of villages. He replaced 

 the Hindoo Naik, wlio is still met with in some of the hill districts. 

 The Havildar w as paid by half a seer of grain from each beegah under 

 cultivation; and for the Hindoo offi. er the same is levied, und-rtlie 

 name of Naikwaree. At Kanoor, Ahn ednuggur collectorate, the Naik- 

 waree is 12 seers of grain on eveiy 30 beegahs under ctilfivation. 



Tulirnr. — In the southern villages bor lering on the Kanree tracts, 

 I met with the village or Turruff ofhcer called 'J'lilwar : but ihe term is 

 Tinknowu to the Lcnuine Mah.ratias. His duties assindlate him to the 

 Havildar and Naik of more northe rn tracts. 



Tenure of liamoose'^. — Ijetwcen the parallels of hililude 17° and 19'* 

 north, and longitude 75° 40' and 75° E., there are few villages in Duk- 

 hun without their Ramooses. These vagabonds are thieves by birth and 

 cast, which is abject : most of the villages have them in employ to 

 guard the village from robbery. In some villages they have Eenarn 

 lands, but th«y are generally paid in fees of grain upon the cultivation. 



