73 Memoir of the Survey of Travancore, [Januaky 



rather disposed to arms, than arts, a more peaceful rule has reduce cl 

 them to a considerable degree of indigence. 



Lubbbees — The Jona, Mapulay orLubbees, inferior classes of Ma- 

 homedans, constitute a more important and valuable part of the po- 

 pulation, the former nearly double in point of number, are found ge- 

 nerally in the vicinity of the coast, the latter of whom numbers are 

 emigrant from Paundy are more in the interior. Many of the last 

 class lead a sort of migratory life, sharing their residence between 

 this and the other coast, with which their mercantile habits lead 

 them to keep up a constant intercourse. The Jona Mapulay, (or as 

 they are knowa in the southern parts Maiters) though of foreign 

 lineage being descended from the first Arabs, whom commerce at- 

 tracted to Malliallum, must be considered as moreparticularly belong- 

 ing to it. Maslims in creed, they are almost Hindoos in person, and 

 in point of character unite many, nearly all the vices of both. To 

 the violence that too often characterizes the professors of their faith, 

 they add a patient inveteracy and dissimulation, ready to conceal, 

 prompt to execute its purpose. They are much disposed to traffic, 

 but not averse to agriculture, are intelligent, indefatigable, unscru- 

 pulous, possess some wealth, have considerable landed property, 

 and are gradually rising on the supineness of the other classes. 

 Stubborn and turbulent, they require to be held with a strong 

 hand, but though troublesome, their superior perseverance in industry 

 renders them productive subjects. 



Concanies — Which may also be said of the Concanies, who have 

 all their habits of unwearied diligence without any of their vices. 

 This class came originally from Goa, having fled on the conquest 

 of that place, first to Callicut, thence here, where they found a to- 

 leration denied them by the bigotry of the Portuguese, and escaped 

 the rapacity of the Zamorine. They possess some lands, but are 

 devoted to commerce in all its shapes, and deserve the merit of 

 at least a very tolerable share of integrity and fair dealing. A 

 series of centuries has in no measure altered their character, or di- 

 minished the force of the institution. They are divided into three 

 classes, the two first are separated only by some trifling distinctions, 

 the latter the Jeedeenmars are the servants or slaves of both. 



Christians — The origin of those ancient believers, who appear to 

 have existed from the earliest ages of the church, is a subject, that 

 might deserve enquiry ; and the singularity of so large a population 

 of christians unadulterated by proselytism, is sufficient to attract 

 and fix the attention, but so much i§ already known, or rather so 



