161. 



Onfhd mode of raising Water in India. [April 



and from C, through the puUy G. but at F. and G. they separate, the 

 bag rope descends w ith the bag direct into the well, the other makes 

 a turn round the pulley H. or J. and is attached to the spout of its 

 own bucket. By this arrangement the machine itself performs the 

 office of discharging the w-ater and needs no attendance as the 

 sketch shows. The ropes leading through pullies on opposite sides 

 of the mill track occasions an alternate motion, so that while one 

 bag is filling, discharging, or rising, the other bag has an action 

 directly the reverse. The sketch itself may sufficiently serve to 

 explain further arrangements, and save the necessity of further de- 

 scription. 



5. In this machine I have studied to combine simplicity of prin- 

 ciple with equal simplicity of construction. But although the sketcli 

 and model exhibit rudeness of workmanship which indicates how httle 

 mechanical skill is required in order to make the machine of prac- 

 tical utility in every village throughout India, those who have the 

 means and might choose to adopt the principle might improve upon 

 the workmanship, and construct an effective machine for raising 

 water, at a comparatively small expense. The only parts neces- 

 sarily requiring superior workmanship are the centre on which the 

 beam B. works, and the pullies E. F. G. Instead of a wooden pin 

 on the top of the post A. an iron one might be substituted, and it 

 might work in an iron or brass bouche or socket let into the beam 

 B. or any other better construction might be adopted ; and the 

 rollers might have polished steel centres working in gudgeons of 

 brass. Both these arrangements would decrease friction and add 

 to durability. The pullies E. F. G. ought to be as large as conve- 

 niently practicable to lessen their wear and tear. They should hang 

 by a rope or chain to allow them a vibratory motion to suit the dif- 

 ferent angles made by the draught rope in different parts of the 

 mill track. The grooves of the pulley rollers should be deep to pre- 

 vent the ropes slipping out of them. I shall now proceed to esti- 

 mate the value of this machine comparatively with other machines 

 employed for raising water. 



6. And in the first place let us enter into the consideration of 

 Bhowries, (bag or bucket machines) Pickottas, (levers) and the 

 Europe pump. 



7. The Bhowrie or Bucket machine has its effect increased by 

 the inclined plane down which the cattle travel to raise the water, 

 and the increase of effect is proportionate to the angle of inclination ; 

 the greater the angle within practicable limits, the greater the effect, 

 and vice versa. 



