1838.] 



Report on the Mackenzie Manuscripts. 



5 



pinjam i by which they became designated as a thh'd sect, or sub- 

 division. These three were established in the Cali-yuga year 160. 

 This is now 2320 years ago, as shewn by a sloca or poetical stanza. 

 About forty years later Dravida-dcharya, opposed Pujaya-pata-svdmi 

 (head ascelic); and, introducing various innovations, formed the 

 Drdvidam, as a fourth subdivision. The fifth class arose out of the 

 alleged circumstance of a teacher, supposed to be dead, arising re-ani- 

 mated from the funeral pile. According to the regulations of the 

 system, a dead body should be halted half-v/ay to the burning ground, 

 and carefully examined as to the possession of life, or otherwise. If 

 then re-animated, such a one would be received; but one arising re-ani- 

 mated from the funeral pile, must depart the country. This person did 

 not obey the rule; but assembling some people around him, establish- 

 ed an additional and apparently much more lax system, termed Cashia- 

 sangham. In this way five worthless systems" were formed, differ- 

 ing from the mula-sangham, or original assembly. 



Remark.— The date in this book is most valuable, as it agrees with 

 other researches; harmonizes with an alleged interpolation by Brah^ 

 mans of some eight or nine hundred years ; and brings the commence- 

 ment of the Cali-yugu to some time near 500 A. C. On the correct 

 fixing of the beginning of that era very much depends. This book 

 further yields written evidence as to the coming of the Jaina system 

 from Mdgadha into the Peninsula ; heretofore inferred by me as proba- 

 ble, from more general data, and analogies. Chandra-gupia is proba- 

 bly introduced by licence of authorship; and the predictions ascribed 

 to him were most probably put into that shape by way of ornament. 



The name of Cha7idra-gapta may be understood as loosely applied 

 to one of his descendants; and the Pali work, entitled Mahawanao^ 

 states that a prince of that dynasty assumed the sacerdotal office among 

 the votaries of Buddha^ and became instrumental iu the extensive dis- 

 semination of the system. 



As a whole this brief document seems to me valuable: it adds an 

 item or two of additional evidence to other documents; and it any 

 others are translated this manuscript ought perhaps to be of the 

 number selected for that purpose. Meantime it has been restored on 

 paper. 



The manuscript is entered in the Des. Cat. vol. 1. p. 161, as fol- 

 lows : 



" XL. Pancfiamarca Ulpalli. 



Palm-leaves, Tamil character. The origin of the five sectarial di' 

 visions of the Jainas." 



