183S.] 



Description of the Valley of So?idur, 



151 



south bank of the Tumbuddra. The ranges are artificially connected 

 by an embankment of earth and solid masonry thrown across the in- 

 tervening valley—the work, it is said, of one of the Hnidu princes of 

 Annagundi and Bijanugger. The hills are in this vicinity ridged, their 

 sides are hollowed out into a crescent like cul de sac. The western 

 range terminates in a roundish hill, rather abrupt, on the side that 

 faces the river, it is composed of a highly ferruginous schist and 

 the jasperry rock already described :— the lamins are contort- 

 ed, but preserve a general direction corresponding with that of 

 elevation, vi2. N. 44 V7. dipping S. 50 E. at an angle of 60°. The 

 joints dip slightly to the east. Sharp edged fragments of the schist 

 strew the sides and summit of the hill. On the western ascent are 

 seen large half imbedded blocks of milky quartz, ai d a striated felspar 

 with short impacted veins of hematite. Passing towards the summit 

 ray attention was attracted by observing, on setting down the compass 

 on a 'large angular block of the rock, the northern pole of the needle 

 %vheei violently round to the south. On examining the block it proved 

 to be a mass of magnetic iron ore with polarity. It has an external 

 rusty appearance but the internal recent fracture is of a dull iron 

 grey. 



From the top of this chain there is a fine prospect of the more 

 prominent physical features of the country. Terminating the plain 

 to the N. E. and flanking the northern bank of the Tumbuddra 

 river, rise the rugged granitic elevations amid which are situated the 

 ruins of Bijanugger. To the west and S. W. stretches the plain 

 of Huddagully, separated from Kumply by the hills on which the 

 spectator stands. Eight or nine hundred yards to the N. W. flows 

 the Tumbuddra — its southern bank verdant with extensive plantations 

 of sugar-cane ; while the site of the sugar furnaces is marked by nu- 

 merous columns of smoke. On the opposite bank the schist again 

 emerges from the surface in a succession of low hills soon disappearing 

 on the plain. The level break between the foot of the hills and the 

 river may almost be styled the pass of Hospett. 



The schist is to be traced from the foot of the hills across the river 

 bed, flanked by almost parallel dykes of a porphyritic rock with large 

 foli-dted crystals of a red felspar, plates of silvery mica and nodules 

 of semi-transparent quartz. Veins of the red felspar are here seen 

 passing from the porphyritic masses into the substance of the schist 

 the felspar of the former near the line of coHtact loses much of its 

 crystalline transpare ncy, becoming more opaque and compact. The 

 schist is hardened and becomes darker, but sometimes earthy, as 



